Development and validation of the smoking abstinence expectancies questionnaire.

Introduction: Despite evidence that expectancies influence the use and effects of drugs, there are no questionnaires that assess abstinence expectancies among smokers. Such a questionnaire may assist prediction models of successful quitting, enable clinicians to target specific expectancies, and give researchers a broader understanding of cognitive processes that influence smoking.

Methods: We aimed to develop a questionnaire that assesses, among daily smokers, expected short-term psychological and physiological consequences to (hypothetically) abstaining from smoking.