Influences of Ingredients and Bakers on the Bacteria and Fungi in Sourdough Starters and Bread.

Sourdough starters are naturally occurring microbial communities in which the environment, ingredients, and bakers are potential sources of microorganisms. The relative importance of these pools remains unknown. Here, bakers from two continents used a standardized recipe and ingredients to make starters that were then baked into breads.

Lactic acid bacterium and yeast microbiotas of sixteen French traditional sourdoughs.

Sixteen sourdoughs (FS1-FS16) used for the manufacture of traditional French breads were characterized by strongly acid conditions (median value of pH 3.5). The concentration of free amino acids (FAA) was highly variable, due to different proteolytic activity of flour used for back slopping and of dominant microorganisms.

[Education and multidisciplinary management in chronic heart failure].

Heart failure is a common, serious and expensive disease. It causes repeated hospitalizations, decreases patients' quality of life, and reduces the independence of elderly patients. It constitutes a major public health problem for which a new organization of care appears necessary.

Emerging fermentation technologies: development of novel sourdoughs.

The increasing knowledge of sourdough fermentation generates new opportunities for its use in the bakery field. New fermentation technologies emerged through in depth sourdough research. Dextrans are extracellular bacterial polysaccharides produced mainly by lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

[Main issues and contributions of the evaluation of health care networks].

Health care networks correspond to a form of horizontal and flexible organisation, which consists in dealing with complex problems of health and long-term care. Networks rest entirely on the mechanisms of coordination between the various actors of care, whose keystone is the medical information flow. The challenge of the health networks evaluation is to prove the added value of a network organization, instead of a conventional disease-centred health care.