Combined effects of the contraceptive hormones, ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel, on the use of place and response memory in gonadally-intact female rats.

During maze navigation rats can rely on hippocampus-mediated place memory or striatum-mediated response memory. Ovarian hormones bias whether females use place or response memory to reach a reward. Here, we investigated the impact of the contraceptive hormones, ethinyl estradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG), on memory bias.

Modeling hormonal contraception in female rats: A framework for studies in behavioral neurobiology.

Research on hormonal contraceptives (HC) in animal models is lacking, and as a result, so is our understanding of the impact of HC on the brain and behavior. Here, we provide a review of the pharmacology of HC, as well as the methodology and best practices for designing a model of HC in female rats. We outline specific methodological considerations regarding dosing, route of administration, exposure time/timing, and selecting a control group.

Expanding Access to Psychiatric Care: Implementation of Psychiatric e-Consultation and Tele-consultation for Primary Care in a Safety-net Health System.

Technology can expand access to specialty health services for disadvantaged and underserved populations. A novel psychiatric consultation service involving both electronic consultations (e-consultations) and telephonic consultations (tele-consultations) was implemented by hospital-based staff and trainee psychiatrists in 12 primary care sites within a public safety-net health system. Utilization data were collected over a three-year period.

Progesterone rapidly alters the use of place and response memory during spatial navigation in female rats.

17β-Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) influence place and response memory in female rats in spatial navigation tasks. Use of these memory systems is associated with the hippocampus and the dorsal striatum, respectively. Injections of E2 result in a well-established bias to use place memory, while much less is understood about the role of P.

#Yoga on Instagram: Understanding the Nature of Yoga in the Online Conversation and Community.

Background And Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate #yoga on Instagram to better understand the nature of who is posting about yoga, in addition to whether the traditional teachings are present.

Methods: A multimethod approach was utilized for this study. Using the Netlytic program, a text and content analysis ( = 35,000) was conducted to examine authors' captions/comments associated with #yoga collected over 9 days.

#Orthorexia on Instagram: a descriptive study exploring the online conversation and community using the Netlytic software.

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a relatively new phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the #orthorexia conversation on Instagram (using the Netlytic software), and (2) among a random subsample of images (N = 245), analyse the types of images (N = 145) and author biographies (N = 68). Among the 4,533 downloaded records, there were 48,780 unique words associated with the posts, with the most commonly used being love (n = 535) and #edrecovery (n = 425).

Adverse effects and treatment satisfaction among online users of four antidepressants.

Adverse effects (AEs) are an important factor in antidepressant treatment decision-making, though common AE profiles from clinical trial research highlight physical AEs to the neglect of emotional and behavioral AEs. First-hand accounts of antidepressant users on the Internet can supplement AE profiles with information gained from real-world treatment experiences. We examined online user reviews of two older (escitalopram; duloxetine) and two newer (vilazodone; vortioxetine) antidepressants for differences in their AE profiles and determined which categories of AEs were associated with users' satisfaction.

Self-directed care: participants' service utilization and outcomes.

Objective: Self-directed care (SDC) is a mental health service delivery model in which participants budget the state dollars allotted for their care to purchase the goods and services they deem most appropriate for achieving their recovery goals. This study examines the demographic characteristics, service utilization patterns, and outcomes of individuals enrolled in the Florida Self-Directed Care (FloridaSDC) program, which is the oldest and most established SDC program in the United States for individuals diagnosed with a severe and persistent mental illness.

Method: This is a naturalistic descriptive study in which demographic, service utilization, and outcome data (i.

Extensive behavioural divergence following colonisation of the freshwater environment in threespine sticklebacks.

Colonisation of novel environments means facing new ecological challenges often resulting in the evolution of striking divergence in phenotypes. However, little is known about behavioural divergence following colonisation, despite the predicted importance of the role of behavioural phenotype-environment associations in adaptive divergence. We studied the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a model system for postglacial colonisation of freshwater habitats largely differing in ecological conditions from the ones faced by the descendants of the marine ancestor.

Irreducible Fracture-Dislocation of the Ankle Associated With Interposition of the Tibialis Posterior Tendon in the Syndesmosis: A Case Report.

Although ankle fracture-dislocations are common orthopedic injuries, it is very uncommon for them to be irreducible, and such cases require special attention. We report the case of a closed fracture-dislocation of the ankle in a 17-year-old male that required 3 surgeries because of persistent anterior subluxation of the talus on the postoperative radiographs. After advanced radiologic investigations, tibialis posterior tendon interposition in the syndesmosis was identified as the cause of the subluxation.

Child death in the United States: productivity and the economic burden of parental grief.

This article examines the economic consequences associated with the death of a child. The economic costs (funeral and medical expenses and productivity losses) of child death 6 months following the death were estimated based on 213 parents who had experienced the death of a child (usually unexpectedly and predominantly mothers). Findings suggest that productivity losses associated with child death comprise most of the costs and that the economic effects are substantial.

Prescribing of psychiatric medication to bereaved parents following perinatal/neonatal death: an observational study.

To examine psychiatric prescribing in response to perinatal/neonatal death, we analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey of 235 bereaved parents participating in an online support community. Of the 88 respondents prescribed medication, antidepressants were most common (n = 70, 79.5%) followed by benzodiazepines/sleep aids (n = 18, 20.

A parent's tears: primary results from the traumatic experiences and resiliency study.

This study examined health/mental health status, family functioning, and resiliency among a sample of bereaved parents (N = 503). Participants were recruited from an online support community to complete an online survey instrument (response rate = 51.75%).

Knowledge of undisclosed corporate authorship ("ghostwriting") reduces the perceived credibility of antidepressant research: a randomized vignette study with experienced nurses.

Background: There is much concern regarding undisclosed corporate authorship ("ghostwriting") in the peer-reviewed medical literature. However, there are no studies of how disclosure of ghostwriting alone impacts the perceived credibility of research results.

Findings: We conducted a randomized vignette study with experienced nurses (n = 67), using a fictional study of antidepressant medication.

Herpes simplex virus 1 DNA is in unstable nucleosomes throughout the lytic infection cycle, and the instability of the nucleosomes is independent of DNA replication.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) DNA is chromatinized during latency and consequently regularly digested by micrococcal nuclease (MCN) to nucleosome-size fragments. In contrast, MCN digests HSV-1 DNA in lytically infected cells to mostly heterogeneous sizes. Yet HSV-1 DNA coimmunoprecipitates with histones during lytic infections.

Knowledge of ghostwriting and financial conflicts-of-interest reduces the perceived credibility of biomedical research.

Background: While the impact of conflicts-of-interest (COI) is of increasing concern in academic medicine, there is little research on the reaction of practicing clinicians to the disclosure of such conflicts. We developed two research vignettes presenting a fictional antidepressant medication study, one in which the principal investigator had no COI and another in which there were multiple COI disclosed. We confirmed the face validity of the COI vignette through consultation with experts.

Operant behavior in dwarf hamsters (Phodopus campbelli): Effects of rate of reinforcement and reinforcer flavor variety.

We investigated operant behavior in a novel species, the dwarf hamster (Phodopus campbelli). In two experiments, hamsters were trained to lever-press for food reinforcement. In Experiment 1, rate of reinforcement was manipulated across conditions using four variable-interval schedules of reinforcement (delivering one to eight reinforcers per min).

Ghostwriting at elite academic medical centers in the United States.

Jeffrey Lacasse and Jonathan Leo assess ghostwriting policies at 50 academic medical centers in the United States and find that only 10 explicitly prohibit ghostwriting.

During lytic infections, herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA is in complexes with the properties of unstable nucleosomes.

The genomes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are regularly chromatinized during latency such that their digestion with micrococcal nuclease (MCN) releases nucleosome-sized DNA fragments. In lytically infected cells, in contrast, MCN releases HSV-1 DNA in primarily heterogeneously sized fragments. Consistently, only a small percentage of this HSV-1 DNA coimmunoprecipitates with histones.