The Influence of HIV Status on Acute Appendicitis: A Retrospective Study from South Africa.

Background: Despite the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) being the most common comorbidity in South African surgical patients, its impact on appendicitis has not been well-described. We aimed to determine HIV status' influence on patients' presentation, assessment, management and outcomes with acute appendicitis.

Methods: The retrospective chart review included all patients aged 12 years and older who were HIV-positive or HIV-negative and presented with acute appendicitis between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019.

Exercise capacity, daily activity, and severity of fatigue in term born young adults after neonatal respiratory failure.

Little is known about long-term effects of neonatal intensive care on exercise capacity, physical activity, and fatigue in term borns. We determined these outcomes in 57 young adults, treated for neonatal respiratory failure; 27 of them had congenital diaphragmatic hernia with lung hypoplasia (group 1) and 30 had normal lung development (group 2). Patients in group 2 were age-matched, with similar gestational age and birth weight, and similar neonatal intensive care treatment as patients in group 1.

Diagnosis-related deterioration of lung function after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

The aim of the study was to assess lung function longitudinally after neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and to identify any effects of diagnosis and perinatal characteristics. 121 neonatal ECMO-treated children (70 with meconium aspiration syndrome, 20 congenital diaphragmatic hernia and 31 with other diagnoses) performed a total of 191 lung function measurements at 5, 8 and/or 12 yrs. We assessed dynamic and static lung volumes, reversibility of airway obstruction and diffusion capacity.

Morphometrics of the facial nerve following fractionated external irradiation: an experimental study in rats.

Unlabelled: This study provides morphometric data on radiation-induced alterations of the facial nerve in female Wistar rats. The facial nerves were explanted 3 to 4 or 7 to 9 months after completion of a fractionated external irradiation of the left side of the neck (5 days per week, 6 weeks, total: 60 Gray). Both facial nerves were investigated in order to identify possible effects of scattered irradiation on them.

Cerebellar atrophy following mild head injury in a 4-year-old girl.

Cerebellar atrophy following severe head injury in infants has been described in imaging studies. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl who died of accidental hypothermia. Three weeks before, she had sustained head injury after falling on the back of her head with linear fracture of the occipital bone.

Sudden death due to central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (Ondine's curse) in a 39-year-old woman with heterotopia of the inferior olive.

Failure of automatic involuntary respiration with preservation of voluntary respiratory drive (Ondine's curse) is a rare occurrence which has been reported following a variety of morphologic lesions near respiratory centers in the lower brainstem. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman with a syndrome of fulminant respiratory failure with features of Ondine's curse in whom neuropathologic examination disclosed a preexisting malformation of the lower brainstem, as well as acute local subarachnoid bleeding. Mechanisms in the present case are discussed and a review of similar cases published so far is given.

September 2002: 24-year-old female with a 6-month history of seizures.

The September 2002 COM. A 24-year-old female presented with a history of 3 generalized seizures, the first of which had occurred 6 months before admission. Her neurological examination was normal, but upon admission her MRI showed a small cystic lesion in the left parieto-occipital region.

[Immunohistochemical detection of hormones in hypophyseal adenomas of the rat after fractionated irradiation].

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the hormones produced in pituitary gland tumours (TM) following fractionated external irradiation in rats. The TM arose in the course of studies on other questions of radiation effects.

Methods: The left neck and skull base of sixty female Wistar rats, 3 to 4 months of age at the beginning of the external irradiation, were subjected to roentgen rays exposure, fractionated to 2 Grays daily, either up to 20, 40 or 60 Gy.

Hormone production in pituitary adenomas following external irradiation: an experimental study in rats.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the hormone production in pituitary gland tumors following fractionated external irradiation in rats.

Materials And Methods: Sixty female Wistar rats 3 to 4 month of age at the beginning of the experiments, were subjected to fractionated roentgen-rays exposure, 2 Grays (Gy) daily, either up to 20, 40 or 60 Gy. The animals were sacrificed either 6 month or 1 year after completion of the randomly assigned irradiation protocol.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and inclusion body myositis (IBM).

A case of a 38-year old man with a common variable immunodeficiency syndrome (CVID) is demonstrated who suffered at the same time from a histologically proven inclusion body myositis (IBM). The myositis did not resolve after institution of regular intravenous IgG infusions. This case demonstrates a very long lasting benign course of IBM.

Prognostic relevance of TP53 mutations, p53 protein, Ki-67 index and conventional histological grading in oligodendrogliomas.

The prognostic value of tumour grading according to WHO, Ki-67 proliferation index, p53 labelling index and TP53 gene mutations was assessed in 59 patients (33 oligodendrogliomas WHO grade II, 15 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 11 glioblastomas with oligodendroglial growth pattern). The minimal observation period was 5 years after operation. According to multivariate correlation and regression tree (CART) analysis grading was the prime prognostic factor (grade II vs.

Allelic losses at 1p, 9q, 10q, 14q, and 22q in the progression of aggressive meningiomas and undifferentiated meningeal sarcomas.

Meningiomas are usually benign tumors; however, they can recur after surgical resection and occasionally show histological progression to a higher malignancy grade. Five such rare cases of aggressively recurring meningiomas were present in our departmental cohort of 923 primary meningeal neoplasms operated over a 17-year period. Four other aggressively recurring meningeal tumors with a very similar clinical and histomorphological appearance (three undifferentiated meningeal sarcomas, one hemangiopericytoma) was also included in this study.

Increased proliferative activity due to necroses induced by pre-operative embolization in benign meningiomas.

The proliferative behaviour of 35 benign intracranial meningiomas was investigated which were embolized for devascularization 3 to 268 hours prior to surgical exstirpation. The nuclear proliferation antigen Ki-67 was visualized by means of the monoclonal antibody MIB1 on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue. Tumor cells and inflammatory reactions were recognized by means of conventional staining procedures and by immunohistochemical detection of HAM56, LCA, HLA-DR, CD15-epitope and vimentin.

Xanthogranuloma and xanthoma of the choroid plexus: evidence for different etiology and pathogenesis.

Xanthogranulomas of the choroid plexus (XGCP) and xanthomas of the choroid plexus (XCP) are generally held to be closely related to each other. Obtained by autopsy 17 cases with XGCP and 21 cases with XCP were investigated. Foamy cells were confirmed to be constitutional for both lesions.

Demonstration of p53 protein and TP53 gene mutations in oligodendrogliomas.

Paraffin embedded tissue of 84 oligodendrogliomas (63 primary tumours, 21 recurrences), 21 glioblastomas with oligodendroglial growth pattern (15 primaries, 6 recurrences) and 17 mixed gliomas was investigated for the presence of mutations in exons 5-9 by means of single stranded conformation polymorphism (SCCP), temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and direct DNA sequencing. In parallel, p53 protein accumulation was determined by means of immunohistochemistry. The percentage of mutations was found to be higher than previously reported (6 of 44 grade II oligodendrogliomas, 4 of 19 grade III oligodendrogliomas, 4 of 15 glioblastomas).

Comparative brain pathology of HIV-seronegative and HIV-infected drug addicts.

Early stages of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were studied in HIV-seropositive drug addicts. Since heroin users are immunocompromized even in the absence of HIV infection, the aim of the present study was to compare the morphological alterations present in HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive drug addicts. A total of 60 cases (32 HIV-seronegative subjects, 21 HIV-seropositive patients without signs of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and 7 HIV-seropositive patients with signs of AIDS) were investigated macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically HIV-seronegative patients presented more frequently with acute drug intoxication, died at a significantly younger age than HIV-seropositive patients, and were found to suffer more frequently from alcohol-related changes.

Comparison of 4 proliferation markers and their significance for evaluation of tumor dignity in intracranial tumors.

The proliferation indices of immunohistochemically detected bromodeoxyuridine, Ki-67 antigen (antibodies Ki-67 and MIB 1), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were determined manually and with computer assisted morphometry in 38 gliomas, 29 meningeomas, 9 metastases, and 16 other tumors. Comparing the markers among one another the highest correlation coefficient was found for bromodeoxyuridine and MIB 1 (0.9).

Treatment of nongerminomatous germ-cell tumors of the pineal region.

Germ-cell tumors can be subdivided into germinoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac tumor), and teratoma. They are also distinguished by their production of secreted markers such as alpha-fetoprotein produced in endodermal sinus tumors and embryonal carcinoma or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma. Germinoma and teratoma produce none of the markers.

Hirano bodies and chronic alcoholism.

Experiments on rodents have shown convincingly that chronic ethanol ingestion may damage the hippocampal formation. Nevertheless this region has, hitherto, not been considered as a target for alcoholism-induced brain lesions in man. Guided by the observation of increased numbers of Hirano bodies (HB) in the hippocampus of chronic alcoholics, this study determines the maximum number of HB per high power field (HPF: 0.

The direct carotid cavernous fistula: a clinical, pathoanatomical, and physical study.

In order to further elucidate the pathogenesis of the direct carotid cavernous fistulas (dCCF) clinical, patho-anatomical, and physico-mechanical studies were performed. In 27 of 42 patients the dCCF were found to be localized in the segment C4 (according to Teufel, 12), in 13 patients in segment C2 and in only 2 patients in segment C3. The patients with dCCF in segment C4 were significantly younger than those with dCCF in the segments C2 or C3.

Hypoxia-ischemia and thiamine deficiency.

In order to test the hypothesis that Wernicke's encephalopathy is of topographic rather than of pathogenetic specificity we examined the brains of 49 patients without any evidence of chronic alcoholism. They had died at least four days after an event of severe hypoxia-ischemia. They all showed extensive lesions in the cortex, in the thalamus and in other regions.

The carbohydrate epitope 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine is developmentally regulated in the human cerebellum.

The carbohydrate epitope 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine (CD15) is involved, as a constituent of glycoconjugates, in cell-cell interactions and cell sorting during rodent CNS morphogenesis. The present study was designed to test whether CD15 is also involved in the development of the human CNS. Human cerebellar hemispheres and vermes from the 24th week of gestation (wg) to the 26th postnatal month (pnm) and from adults were investigated for CD15 immunoreactivity, using the monoclonal antibody MMA.

Haemorrhagic thiamine deficient encephalopathy following prolonged parenteral nutrition.

Neuropathological examination of three patients who were maintained on parenteral nutrition without substitution of thiamine demonstrated an acute haemorrhagic encephalopathy. The lesions differed substantially from the classic features of thiamine deficient encephalopathy regarding the histopathological alterations and the topographical distribution. The extreme rapidity of thiamine deprivation may have been responsible for the abrupt clinical onset of the disease and the intensity of the morphological alterations.

Microgastria-hypoplastic upper limb association: a severe expression including microphthalmia, single nostril and arhinencephaly.

Report on a female infant with iris coloboma on the right and microphthalmia/orbital cyst on the left, single nostril, radial defectis, abnormal lung lobation, congenital heart defect, hypoplastic spleen, absent gallbladder, microgastria, unilateral renal aplasia, arhinencephaly and fused thalami. This case represents an unusually severe expression of a probably rare association recently reviewed by Lueder et al. (1989).