World premiere: transoral robot-assisted excision for nasopharyngeal ectopic pituitary adenoma.

Background: Pituitary adenoma (PA), though rare, has seen increased incidence with widespread MRI use, enabling incidental diagnosis. Prevalence is approximately 1 case per 1000 in the general population. PAs are benign neoplasms, constituting 10 to 20% of intracranial tumours.

Comparing indications, complexity and outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection between centers with and without a liver transplant program: a French nationwide study.

Background: There are no data to evaluate the difference in populations and impact of centers with liver transplant programs in performing laparoscopic liver resection (LLR).

Methods: This was a multicenter study including patients undergoing LLR for benign and malignant tumors at 27 French centers from 1996 to 2018. The main outcomes were postoperative severe morbidity and mortality.

Maternal Wellbeing Five Years after a Very Preterm Delivery: Prevalence and Influencing Factors in a European Cohort.

(1) Background: Mothers of very preterm (VPT) infants may experience psychological symptoms compromising long-term emotional wellbeing. This study describes the emotional wellbeing of mothers of five-year-old children born VPT. We assess the association between sociodemographic, perinatal and neonatal characteristics, and the child's health and development at five years old and maternal emotional wellbeing.

Management of status epilepticus in pregnancy: a clinician survey.

Background: Status epilepticus in pregnancy (SEP) is rare and life-threatening for both mother and fetus. There are well-established guidelines for the management of women with epilepsy during pregnancy; however, there is little evidence guiding the management of SEP, leading to uncertainty among treating physicians. Therefore, this survey aims to investigate the real-world practices of physicians treating SEP to explore management approaches for improvements in care.

Electroencephalography as a Biomarker of Prognosis in Acute Brain Injury.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive tool that allows the monitoring of cerebral brain function in critically ill patients, aiding with diagnosis, management, and prognostication. Specific EEG features have shown utility in the prediction of outcomes in critically ill patients with status epilepticus, acute brain injury (ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury), anoxic brain injury, and toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. Studies have also found an association between particular EEG patterns and long-term functional and cognitive outcomes as well as prediction of recovery of consciousness following acute brain injury.

The Impact of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Periventricular Leukomalacia on Mortality and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Very Preterm and Very Low Birthweight Infants: A Prospective Population-based Cohort Study.

Objective: To survey the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) by gestational age and to report the impact on mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm/very low birthweight infants.

Study Design: This was a population-based cohort study of 1927 very preterm/very low birthweight infants born in 2014-2016 and admitted to Flemish neonatal intensive care units. Infants underwent standard follow-up assessment until 2 years corrected age with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and neurological assessments.

Delayed postnatal brain development and ontogenesis of behavior and cognition in a mouse model of intellectual disability.

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with impaired cognitive and adaptive behaviors and represents a major medical issue. Although ID-patients develop behavioral problems and are diagnosed during childhood, most behavioral studies in rodent models have been conducted in adulthood, missing precocious phenotypes expressed during this critical time-window characterized by intense brain plasticity. Here, we selectively assessed postnatal ontogenesis of behavioral and cognitive processes, as well as postnatal brain development in the male Rsk2-knockout mouse model of the Coffin-Lowry syndrome, an X-linked disorder characterized by ID and neurological abnormalities.

Ellen R. Grass Lecture: Disparities in Access to Neurodiagnostic Testing.

Limited access to EEG services in rural areas creates health disparities in neurological care, including unnecessary transfers and delays in diagnosis and treatment. Rural facilities face several challenges to expanding EEG resources, including a lack of neurologists, technologists, EEG equipment, and adequate IT infrastructure. Potential solutions include investment in innovative technology, expansion of the workforce, and development of hub-and-spoke EEG networks.

Neurodevelopmental outcome in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection: A prospective multicenter cohort study.

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most common congenital infection worldwide and is a major cause of neurodevelopmental impairment in children. At this point there are insufficient data on neurodevelopmental outcome of children with cCMV, both symptomatic and asymptomatic.

Aim: This study aimed to describe the neurodevelopmental outcome in a large prospective cohort of children with cCMV.

Clinical and Electroencephalographic Predictors of Seizures and Status Epilepticus in 12,450 Critically Ill Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Status epilepticus (SE) is associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality than isolated seizures. Our objective was to identify clinical diagnoses and rhythmic and periodic electroencephalogram patterns (RPPs) associated with SE and seizures.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Ambulatory appendectomy for acute appendicitis: Can we treat all the patients? A prospective study of 451 consecutive ambulatory appendectomies out of nearly 2,000 procedures.

Background: Acute appendicitis represents the leading cause of acute gastrointestinal disorders, but only a small series regarding ambulatory appendectomies are available. The aim of this study was to report the results of ambulatory (day-case) appendectomy for acute appendicitis in a large consecutive cohort and to improve selection criteria in order to extend the indications.

Methods: All appendectomy procedures for acute appendicitis (March 2013 to June 2020) were included retrospectively.

Parent-infant closeness after preterm birth and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study.

Background: Preterm birth increases the risk for postpartum depression in both mothers and fathers, calling for strategies to alleviate and prevent depressive symptoms in parents of preterm infants. The aim of this study was to assess the association between early parent-infant closeness and later depressive symptoms among parents of preterm infants. We hypothesized that longer duration of closeness associate with fewer depressive symptoms in both parents.

Multimodal image reconstruction from tomographic diffraction microscopy data.

Tomographic diffraction microscopy (TDM) is a tool of choice for high-resolution, marker-less 3D imaging of biological samples. Based on a generalization of digital holographic microscopy with full control of the sample's illumination, TDM measures, from many illumination directions, the diffracted fields in both phase and amplitude. Photon budget associated to TDM imaging is low.

End-of-life decisions in neonates and infants: a nationwide mortality follow-back survey.

Objectives: Neonatology has undergone important clinical and legal changes; however, the implications for end-of-life decision-making in seriously ill neonates to date are unknown. Our aim was to examine changes in prevalence and characteristics of end-of-life decisions (ELDs) in neonatology.

Methods: We performed a nationwide mortality follow-back survey in August 1999 to July 2000 and September 2016 to December 2017 in Flanders, Belgium.

Barriers and facilitators for parents in end-of-life decision-making for neonates at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A qualitative study.

Background: Mortality and end-of-life decision-making can occur in newborns, especially within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. For parents, participating in end-of-life decision-making is taxing. Knowledge is lacking on what support is helpful to parents during decision-making.

Cranial ultrasound and MRI: complementary or not in the diagnostic assessment of children with congenital CMV infection?

Whether or not cranial ultrasound (crUS) and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have both a place in the assessment of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) remains a topic of discussion between research groups. Literature suggests that MRI is indicated only in children with abnormal crUS.In Flanders, Belgium, combined crUS and MRI was performed on 639 children with cCMV, referred for diagnostic assessment.

Cardiac adipose tissue volume and IL-6 level at admission are complementary predictors of severity and short-term mortality in COVID-19 diabetic patients.

Background: COVID-19 diabetic adults are at increased risk of severe forms irrespective of obesity. In patients with type-II diabetes, fat distribution is characterized by visceral and ectopic adipose tissues expansion, resulting in systemic inflammation, which may play a role in driving the COVID-19 cytokine storm. Our aim was to determine if cardiac adipose tissue, combined to interleukin-6 levels, could predict adverse short-term outcomes, death and ICU requirement, in COVID-19 diabetic patients during the 21 days after admission.

Participation of L-Lactate and Its Receptor HCAR1/GPR81 in Neurovisual Development.

During the development of the retina and the nervous system, high levels of energy are required by the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to grow towards their brain targets. This energy demand leads to an increase of glycolysis and L-lactate concentrations in the retina. L-lactate is known to be the endogenous ligand of the GPR81 receptor.

Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship Program Directors Survey on a Standardized Fellowship Match Process: A Call for Action.

Purpose: To survey US Clinical Neurophysiology (CNP) fellowship program directors on the nature of CNP and related training programs, current recruitment cycle, and views for a standardized process.

Methods: A 23-question electronic survey was sent to all 93 US Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited CNP fellowship program directors from December 2020 to January 2021.

Results: The response rate was 60%.

Recurrence-Free Survival Analysis in Locally Advanced Pheochromocytoma: First Appraisal.

Context: The behavior of locally advanced pheochromocytoma (LAP) remains unknown.

Objective: We characterized the population with LAP and recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Methods: This retrospective multicentric study was run within the ENDOCAN-COMETE network and French Group of Endocrine Tumors (GTE) from 2003 to 2018, including patients from 11 French referral centers with LAP as defined by capsular invasion, vascular invasion, adipose tissue invasion, and/or positive locoregional lymph nodes at diagnosis without evidence of distant metastasis.

Impaired hypoxic ventilatory drive induced by diabetic autonomic neuropathy, a cause of misdiagnosed severe cardiac events: brief report of two cases.

Background: Sudden cardiac deaths are twice more frequent in diabetic patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Sudden cardiac death etiologies remain unclear and no recommendations are made to identify factors associated with cardiorespiratory arrest in diabetic patients. We hypothesized, from two clinical cases, that impaired hypoxic ventilatory drive, induced by diabetic autonomic neuropathy, is a cause of misdiagnosed severe cardiac events.