Partnership 4.0: smallholder farmer partnership solutions.

The current pseudo-partnership pattern causes the farmers' income to be low from the results of their farming activities, so a partnership pattern is needed that is able to create a mutual partnership. The research which was conducted in Cikarawang Village, Bogor Regency, West Java Province - Indonesia aims; (1) recognize the existing condition of farmers and the use of agricultural land; (2) knowing the distribution of agricultural commodities; (3) identify existing partnership patterns; and (4) provide solutions for partnership patterns that benefit farmers. By using mixed-methods combined with the Drone Participatory Mapping (DPM) approach to produce (DDP), this study succeeded in identifying three statuses of farmers, namely: cultivators, owners and cultivators of their own land, and owners who work on their own land at the same time working on other people's land, with an average access to land management of 3,437.

Data Desa Presisi: A new method of rural data collection.

Pseudo-development in rural areas often occurs due to the lack of availability of accurate data, in addition to the closed space for citizen participation. Based on this condition, we identify and evaluate various methods of collecting rural data in Indonesia as the basis for formulating development policies and programs. From the results of the identification and evaluation, we conclude that a new method in rural data collection is needed, called Data Desa Presisi (DDP).

Correction to: A Demonstration of Caregiver-Implemented Functional Analysis of Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior Via Telehealth.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00615-2.].

A Demonstration of Caregiver-Implemented Functional Analysis of Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior via Telehealth.

Treatment for pediatric feeding disorders is imperative, so clinicians should alter the assessment and treatment process, making it is possible for caregivers to deliver via telehealth. Clinicians must first demonstrate that caregivers can conduct initial assessments in this format. We extended the literature on functional analysis of inappropriate mealtime behavior by demonstrating that caregivers can implement functional analysis procedures via telehealth to identify maintaining variables of inappropriate mealtime behavior.

Comparative lung pathology of rats after exposure to cigarette and cigar smoke.

In a series of 3 experiments, rats bred and maintained under minimum disease conditions suffered much less lung damage after exposure to cigar smoke than did similar animals exposed to the smoke of Virginia tobacco. Rats exposed to cigar tobacco smoke also showed a greater weight gain and a lower acute-phase protein increase than did their Virginia tobacco counterparts. These differences in response were compounded by the results obtained from measuring changes in the epithelium of the intrapulmonary airways.

Buffering capacity of the smoke of different tobaccos in relation to lung cancer risks.

A method of assessing "buffering capacity" is described for comparison of the degree of acidity of alkalinity of the smoke of different tobaccos as presented to the oral and respiratory tracts of the smoker. Nicotine is more readily absorbed from an alkaline than from an acid smoke. The smoker of tobaccos giving a smoke of acid buffering capacity, in order to achieve full nicotine satisfaction, tends to smoke more and to inhale more, thus increasing lung cancer risks, than the smoker of tobaccos giving smoke of less acid or of alkaline buffering capacity.