Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan for the Randomized Trial of Sedative Choice for Intubation (RSI).

Background: Emergency tracheal intubation is a common and high-risk procedure. Ketamine and etomidate are sedative medicines commonly used to induce anesthesia for emergency tracheal intubation, but whether the induction medication used affects patient outcomes is uncertain.

Research Question: Does the use of ketamine for induction of anesthesia decrease the incidence of death among adults undergoing emergency tracheal intubation, compared to the use of etomidate?

Study Design And Methods: The Randomized trial of Sedative choice for Intubation (RSI) is a pragmatic, multicenter, unblinded, parallel-group, randomized trial being conducted in 14 sites (6 emergency departments and 8 intensive care units) in the United States.

Expanding the practice placement capacity in pre-registration midwifery education: A scoping review.

Background: Practice placements are an essential component of midwifery education, enabling students to apply their theoretical knowledge in a real-world midwifery setting. Exposure and immersion to practice is a core focus of midwifery education internationally. These placements are crucial for students to develop the skills and expertise needed to become safe, competent, and compassionate midwife practitioners.

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation Following Cardiac Arrest: a Secondary Analysis of the DEVICE Trial.

Background: Airway management is a critical component of the care of patients experiencing cardiac arrest, but data from randomized trials on the use of video vs direct laryngoscopy for intubation in the setting of cardiac arrest are limited. Current AHA guidelines recommend placement of an endotracheal tube either during CPR or shortly after return of spontaneous circulation but do not provide guidance around intubation methods, including the choice of laryngoscope.

Research Question: Does use of video laryngoscopy improve the incidence of successful intubation on the first attempt, compared to use of direct laryngoscopy, among adults undergoing tracheal intubation after experiencing cardiac arrest?

Study Design And Methods: This secondary analysis of the Direct versus Video Laryngoscope (DEVICE) trial compared video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in the subgroup of patients who were intubated following cardiac arrest.

Oxygen Targets for Mechanically Ventilated Adults with Sepsis: Secondary Analysis of the PILOT Trial.

Background: Patients with sepsis frequently require invasive mechanical ventilation. How oxygenation during mechanical ventilation affects clinical outcomes for patients with sepsis remains uncertain.

Research Question: To evaluate the effects of different oxygen saturation targets on clinical outcomes for patients with sepsis receiving mechanical ventilation.

Getting to the Point: Examining Associations Between Adult Interactional Strategies and Infant Gestures.

The developmental importance of infant gesture use is well established, yet few investigations examine what adults can do to facilitate infant gestures. We used an event lag with pauses sequential analysis to generate an index of association between each adult interactional strategy and deictic infant gesture during ten-minute play interactions with 27 typically developing infants (11-25 months) and trained interventionists. We ran correlations to examine potential relationships between the sequential associations, child age, and language scores.

Effect of Ventilator Mode on Ventilator-Free Days in Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Trial.

Rationale: For critically ill adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, the ventilator mode determines how breaths are delivered. Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown. To compare the effects of three common ventilator modes (volume control, pressure control, and adaptive pressure control) on death and duration of mechanical ventilation.

Are Function-Based Interventions for Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders Trauma Informed? A Systematic Review.

Students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) commonly engage in both externalizing and internalizing behaviors-a behavioral profile that has been connected to childhood trauma. Although the efficacy of function-based interventions for students with EBD has been documented, the extent to which these interventions align with principles of trauma-informed care (TIC) is unknown. We conducted a systematic review of function-based intervention studies for students with EBD to evaluate whether and how these interventions incorporated critical elements of TIC.

Look Past the Bleed! A Case of Non-Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Presenting as Haemoptysis.

Introduction: Aortic pseudoaneurysms are a type of contained rupture where most of the aortic wall is breached, leaving only a thin rim of the remaining wall or adventitia to hold the blood. This condition carries a high risk of rupture and potentially fatal complications. Typically, patients present with chest pain; haemoptysis can also occur, though rarely.

Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan for the Mode of Ventilation During Critical Illness (MODE) Trial.

Background: For every critically ill adult receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, clinicians must select a mode of ventilation. The mode of ventilation determines whether the ventilator directly controls the tidal volume or the inspiratory pressure. Newer hybrid modes allow clinicians to set a target tidal volume; the ventilator controls and adjusts the inspiratory pressure.

CuticleTrace: A toolkit for capturing cell outlines from leaf cuticle with implications for paleoecology and paleoclimatology.

Premise: Leaf epidermal cell morphology is closely tied to the evolutionary history of plants and their growth environments and is therefore of interest to many plant biologists. However, cell measurement can be time consuming and restrictive with current methods. CuticleTrace is a suite of Fiji and R-based functions that streamlines and automates the segmentation and measurement of epidermal pavement cells across a wide range of cell morphologies and image qualities.

The effect of reward-induced arousal on the success and precision of episodic memory retrieval.

Moment-to-moment fluctuations in arousal can have large effects on learning and memory. For example, when neutral items are predictive of a later reward, they are often remembered better than neutral items without a reward association. This reward anticipation manipulation is thought to induce a heightened state of arousal, resulting in stronger encoding.

Response to Intervention and Specific Learning Disability Identification: Evidence From Tennessee.

Response to intervention (RTI) is a method for providing academic support to students and for identifying specific learning disabilities (SLDs). Using interrupted time series and hazard models, we examined if statewide RTI adoption in the U.S.

Healthcare practitioners' perspectives of providing palliative care to patients from culturally diverse backgrounds: a qualitative systematic review.

Background: Palliative care practitioners are increasingly caring for patients and families from diverse cultural backgrounds. There is growing awareness of the influence of culture on many aspects of care in the palliative phase of an illness. However, disparities have been noted in the provision of palliative care to patients from culturally diverse backgrounds and challenges have been reported in meeting their needs and those of their families.

Midwifery students' experiences of their clinical internship placement during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: A qualitative descriptive study.

Objective: To explore the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on midwifery students' experiences of clinical internship placement in the final year of their midwifery programme.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted following ethical approval. Four online focus groups were facilitated.

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation and the motivation to work for rewards: A replication of Neuser et al. (2020, Nature Communications).

The vagus nerve is thought to be involved in the allostatic regulation of motivation and energy metabolism via gut-brain interactions. A recent study by Neuser and colleagues (2020) provided novel evidence for this process in humans, by reporting a positive effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on the invigoration of reward-seeking behaviors, especially for food rewards. We conducted an independent direct replication of Neuser et al.

Influence of patient head definition on induced E-fields during MR examination.

Purpose: Radiofrequency (RF) exposure during MR examination is limited by IEC 60601-2-33 to prevent thermal hazards to patients. These limits are also the basis to derive the maximum induced field for the demonstration of MR safety of implants per ISO/TS 10974 (2018). One limit is the head-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR), for which the head extent is defined differently by MR and implant vendors.

Cefepime vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Adults Hospitalized With Acute Infection: The ACORN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam are commonly administered to hospitalized adults for empirical treatment of infection. Although piperacillin-tazobactam has been hypothesized to cause acute kidney injury and cefepime has been hypothesized to cause neurological dysfunction, their comparative safety has not been evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To determine whether the choice between cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam affects the risks of acute kidney injury or neurological dysfunction.

Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Mode of Ventilation During Critical IllnEss (MODE) trial.

Introduction: For every critically ill adult receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, clinicians must select a mode of ventilation. The mode of ventilation determines whether the ventilator directly controls the tidal volume or the inspiratory pressure. Newer hybrid modes allow clinicians to set a target tidal volume, for which the ventilator controls and adjusts the inspiratory pressure.

Neurexin-3 subsynaptic densities are spatially distinct from Neurexin-1 and essential for excitatory synapse nanoscale organization in the hippocampus.

Proteins critical for synaptic transmission are non-uniformly distributed and assembled into regions of high density called subsynaptic densities (SSDs) that transsynaptically align in nanocolumns. Neurexin-1 and neurexin-3 are essential presynaptic adhesion molecules that non-redundantly control NMDAR- and AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission, respectively, via transsynaptic interactions with distinct postsynaptic ligands. Despite their functional relevance, fundamental questions regarding the nanoscale properties of individual neurexins, their influence on the subsynaptic organization of excitatory synapses and the mechanisms controlling how individual neurexins engage in precise transsynaptic interactions are unknown.

Pupil size reflects activation of subcortical ascending arousal system nuclei during rest.

Neuromodulatory nuclei that are part of the ascending arousal system (AAS) play a crucial role in regulating cortical state and optimizing task performance. Pupil diameter, under constant luminance conditions, is increasingly used as an index of activity of these AAS nuclei. Indeed, task-based functional imaging studies in humans have begun to provide evidence of stimulus-driven pupil-AAS coupling.

Short-term transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation increases pupil size but does not affect EEG alpha power: A replication of Sharon et al. (2021, Journal of Neuroscience).

Background: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been tested as a potential treatment for pharmaco-resistant epilepsy and depression. Its clinical efficacy is thought to depend on taVNS-induced activation of the locus coeruleus and other neuromodulator systems. However, unlike for invasive VNS in rodents, there is little evidence for an effect of taVNS on noradrenergic activity.

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults.

Background: Whether video laryngoscopy as compared with direct laryngoscopy increases the likelihood of successful tracheal intubation on the first attempt among critically ill adults is uncertain.

Methods: In a multicenter, randomized trial conducted at 17 emergency departments and intensive care units (ICUs), we randomly assigned critically ill adults undergoing tracheal intubation to the video-laryngoscope group or the direct-laryngoscope group. The primary outcome was successful intubation on the first attempt.