CARE-SD: classifier-based analysis for recognizing provider stigmatizing and doubt marker labels in electronic health records: model development and validation.

Objective: To detect and classify features of stigmatizing and biased language in intensive care electronic health records (EHRs) using natural language processing techniques.

Materials And Methods: We first created a lexicon and regular expression lists from literature-driven stem words for linguistic features of stigmatizing patient labels, doubt markers, and scare quotes within EHRs. The lexicon was further extended using Word2Vec and GPT 3.

A longitudinal study of alcohol consumption among adults in Victoria, Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: Whilst public health measures were effective in reducing COVID-19 transmission, unintended negative consequences may have occurred. This study aims to assess changes alcohol consumption and the heavy episodic drinking (HED) during the pandemic.

Methods: Data were from the Optimise Study, a longitudinal cohort of Australian adults September 2020-August 2022 that over-sampled priority populations at higher risk of contracting COVID-19, developing severe COVID-19 or experiencing adverse consequences of lockdowns.

Anxiety and depressive symptoms as predictors of substance use initiation among adolescents living on and near a Tribal reservation in the Great Plains region of the U.S.

Introduction: This study examines the impacts of anxiety and depressive symptoms on subsequent initiation of alcohol use, cannabis use, and prescription opioid misuse among diverse adolescents attending high schools on or near a Tribal reservation in a rural Great Plains region of the U.S.

Methods: In collaboration with Emory University and a Great Plains Tribal nation's behavioral health organization, a community randomized trial of 20 high schools was conducted to prevent substance misuse.

An online assessment of ready-to-drink alcohol products in Fort Worth, Texas: Which are the least expensive brands?

Background: Alcohol pricing policies can reduce population-level alcohol consumption. To inform these policies, it is essential to understand the price per standard alcoholic drink of the least expensive brands. This study focused on prices of ready-to-drink products because of their accessibility, popularity among young people, and market expansion in recent years.

Have declines in the prevalence of young adult drinking in English-speaking high-income countries followed declines in youth drinking? A systematic review.

Background: Alcohol use in early adulthood is a significant public health concern. The prevalence of adolescent alcohol consumption has been declining in high-income English-speaking countries since the early 2000s. This review aims to examine whether this trend continues in young adulthood.

"Surgery First" vs. "Endoscopy First" for Pediatric Choledocholithiasis Presenting at the End of the Week - A CARES Working Group Study.

Background: Choledocholithiasis in children is commonly managed with an "endoscopy-first" (EF) strategy (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC)). Because ERCP availability is often limited at the end of the week (EoW), we hypothesized that a "surgery-first" (SF) approach (LC with intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) ± transcystic laparoscopic common bile exploration (LCBDE)) would decrease length of stay (LOS) and time to definitive intervention (TTDI).

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted on pediatric patients from 2018 to 2023 with suspected choledocholithiasis.

Tribal Identity, Pain Interference, and Substance Use Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescents.

Importance: Substance use is high among American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents. Pain interference is a risk factor for substance use, and identifying potential protective factors, such as Tribal identity, is important to help inform culturally grounded substance use prevention strategies.

Objective: To examine the protective potential of Tribal identity as a moderator in the association between pain interference and substance use in American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents.

The War on Drugs, Racialized Capitalism, and Health Care Utilization Among White People Who Use Drugs in 22 Rural Appalachian Counties.

To analyze War on Drugs encounters and their relationships to health care utilization among White people who use drugs (PWUD) in 22 Appalachian rural counties in Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, and North Carolina. We recruited White PWUD using chain referral sampling in 2018 to 2020. Surveys asked about criminal-legal encounters, unmet health care needs, and other covariates.

Examining how the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic affected alcohol use in different socio-demographic groups in an Australian representative longitudinal sample.

Background And Aims: Research examining how alcohol consumption changed across different socio-demographic groups during the pandemic has largely relied upon convenience samples recruited after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to measure whether the pandemic shifted alcohol consumption in different gender, age and income groups in Australia.

Design, Setting And Participants: This was a longitudinal study using four waves (2017-20) of the annual Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to compare pre-pandemic consumption (2017-19) with consumption in 2020.

The Potential of Minimum Wage Increases to Reduce Youth Homicide Disparities: Diminishing Returns for Black Youth.

We examine and compare the relationship between minimum wage increases and youth homicide rates in three groups: all youth, White youth only, and Black youth only. Using 2001-2019 mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) for all 50 states and Washington DC, we apply a difference in differences (DD) design to compare the change in youth homicides across states with varying changes in the state-specific minimum wage. With the inclusion of state-specific linear time trends, we find that a $1 increase in minimum wage leads to a significant 4% reduction (RR = 0.

Pseudogene GSTM3P1 derived long non-coding RNA promotes ischemic acute kidney injury by target directed microRNA degradation of kidney-protective mir-668.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of epigenetic regulators that have been implicated in kidney diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI). However, very little is known about the specific lncRNAs involved in AKI and the mechanisms underlying their pathologic roles. Here, we report a new lncRNA derived from the pseudogene GSTM3P1, which mediates ischemic AKI by interacting with and promoting the degradation of mir-668, a kidney-protective microRNA.

Palbociclib in Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcoma With Amplifications: Results From the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry Study.

Purpose: Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry (TAPUR) is a phase II basket trial evaluating the antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancer and genomic alterations known to be drug targets. Results of a cohort of patients with soft tissue sarcoma with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 () amplification treated with palbociclib are reported.

Methods: Eligible patients had measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, adequate organ function, and no standard treatment options.

Intoxicating Cannabis Products in Vape Shops: United States, 2023.

Introduction: Since 2020, many types of intoxicating cannabis products have entered the U.S. market.

Modelling the impacts of volumetric and minimum unit pricing for alcohol on social harms in Australia.

Aims: Alcohol pricing policies may reduce alcohol-related harms, yet little work has been done to model their effectiveness beyond health outcomes especially in Australia. We aim to estimate the impacts of four taxation and minimum unit pricing (MUP) interventions on selected social harms across sex and age subgroups in Australia.

Methods: We used econometrics and epidemiologic simulations using demand elasticity and risk measures.

Theory, Measurement, and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Misuse Among Adolescents Living on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation.

A team of tribe-based behavioral health specialists and university-based researchers partnered to implement a cluster randomized trial for the prevention of drug misuse among adolescents attending public high schools on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation in northeastern Oklahoma. The conceptual framework, which guided intervention and measurement design for the trial, incorporates indigenous knowledge and worldviews with empirically-based frameworks and evidence-based practices. Our goal is to serve multicultural youth, families, and schools and to provide a model of effective strategies for wide dissemination.

Hidden flaws in e-cigarette industry-funded studies.

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased since e-cigarettes were introduced to the market nearly 20 years ago. Researchers continue to conduct studies to understand the health risks and benefits of e-cigarettes to inform health education and promotion efforts as well as public policy. Studies funded by the tobacco industry examining the potential risks and benefits of e-cigarettes have also been conducted and are sometimes published in the scientific literature.

Mental Health Treatment Utilization and Unmet Mental Health Needs Among Black Reproductive-Age Women in the United States.

Objective: Black women in the United States experience increased risk for mental disorders and are less likely to have access to appropriate mental health treatment compared with White women. To develop culturally responsive strategies to improve Black women's access to mental health treatment, the authors evaluated social determinants associated with mental health treatment utilization and unmet mental health needs among Black reproductive-age women with serious psychological distress.

Methods: The authors performed a secondary analysis of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Research note: A scald water surfactant combined with an organic acid carcass dip reduces microbial contaminants on broiler carcasses during processing.

Organic acids are applied to poultry carcasses during processing to reduce foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. Scald water surfactant agents employed to improve feather removal may enhance the efficacy of organic acids during processing. This study investigated the effects of concurrent application of a scald water surfactant and organic acid dip on microbial contamination of carcasses processed in a small-scale production model.