Publications by authors named "LITTLEFIELD J"

Article Synopsis
  • * The review included 20 articles focusing on 13 interventions, categorizing them into male-only and predominantly male mixed-gender samples, with emphasis on occupational health and social support.
  • * Key findings revealed that successful health promotion for Latino males often involves utilizing existing social networks and following community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles.
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  • - The transition to a new energy mix is increasing the demand for precise emissions reporting in the petroleum supply chain due to environmental regulations and the complexities of crude oil trading.
  • - Current assessments of carbon footprints lack detail and do not provide adequate traceability from oil wells to refineries, resulting in significant variability in carbon intensities.
  • - By using advanced data and algorithms, the study reveals a wide range of carbon emission intensities in crude trade pathways, highlighting that prioritizing low-carbon sources could save 1.5-6.1 Gigatons of CO-equivalent emissions by 2050 under climate-friendly scenarios.
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  • This review summarizes studies on hormonal contraception and its potential link to breast cancer risk, highlighting that long-term estrogen exposure is a debated factor.
  • Key hormonal contraception methods—including oral, transdermal, and transvaginal—are assessed for associated risks, with gaps in current knowledge emphasized.
  • Challenges in research include accounting for established risk factors, determining causes of associations, and differentiating between statistical and clinical significance, which are crucial for guiding women's healthcare decisions.
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A pressing challenge facing the aviation industry is to aggressively reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the face of increasing demand for aviation fuels. Climate goals such as carbon-neutral growth from 2020 onwards require continuous improvements in technology, operations, infrastructure, and most importantly, reductions in aviation fuel life cycle emissions. The Carbon Offsetting Scheme for International Aviation of the International Civil Aviation Organization provides a global market-based measure to group all possible emissions reduction measures into a joint program.

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  • - Recent studies on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the natural gas supply chain have enhanced our knowledge of the overall emissions, but they often overlook the connections between specific production areas and where the gas is consumed.
  • - This research provides a comprehensive analysis of GHG emissions by examining different regions of gas transmission and distribution, revealing that the average distance for transporting natural gas in the U.S. is 815 km, with significant variations.
  • - The findings indicate that the life cycle GHG emissions for delivering one megajoule (MJ) of natural gas vary greatly by region, with the Pacific region emitting the most (13.0 g COe/MJ) and the Northeast U.S. emitting the least (8.1 g
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For invading species, reproduction is a critical determinant of population establishment as well as spread into new areas. When species have multiple modes of reproduction, the prevalence of different modes can influence management decisions. We used genetic markers to determine the prevalent method of recruitment for invasive Russian knapweed ().

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Renewable natural gas (RNG) sources are being considered in future energy strategy discussions as potential replacements for fossil natural gas (FNG). While today's supply of RNG resources is insufficient to meet U.S.

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To address the need for clinical investigators in oncology, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) and American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) established the Methods in Clinical Cancer Research Workshop (MCCRW). The workshop's objectives were to: (i) provide training in the methods, design, and conduct of clinical trials; (ii) ensure that clinical trials met federal and international ethical guidelines; (iii) evaluate the effectiveness of the workshop; and (iv) create networking opportunities for young investigators with mentoring senior faculty. Educational methods included: (i) didactic lectures, (ii) Small Group Discussion Sessions, (iii) Protocol Development Groups, and (iv) one-on-one mentoring.

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A classical biological control agent is an exotic host-specific natural enemy, which is intentionally introduced to obtain long-term control of an alien invasive species. Among the arthropods considered for this role, eriophyid mites are likely to possess the main attributes required: host specificity, efficacy, and long-lasting effects. However, so far, only a few species have been approved for release.

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A "bottom-up" probabilistic model was developed using engineering first-principles to quantify annualized throughput normalized methane emissions (TNME) from natural gas liquid unloading activities for 18 basins in the United States in 2016. For each basin, six discrete liquid-unloading scenarios are considered, consisting of combinations of well types (conventional and unconventional) and liquid-unloading systems (nonplunger, manual plunger lift, and automatic plunger lift). Analysis reveals that methane emissions from liquids unloading are highly variable, with mean TNMEs ranging from 0.

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The success rate of weed biological control programs is difficult to evaluate and the factors affecting it remain poorly understood. One aspect which is still unclear is whether releases of multiple, genetically distinct populations of a biological control agent increase the likelihood of success, either by independent colonization of different environmental niches or by hybridization that may increase the agent's fitness and adaptive ability. Since hybridization is often invoked to explain the success of unintentionally introduced exotic species, hybridization among biocontrol agents may be similarly important in shaping the effectiveness of biological control programs.

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Context: Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a rare infection of the urinary tract that results in gas production in the bladder. It is more common in diabetic and female patients, and can be associated with more serious complications, including pyelonephritis.

Case Report: We describe a case of recurrent bacterial cystitis caused by Escherichia coli (E.

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Introduction: Cannabis is the most common illegal substance used in the world. The psychoactive nature of cannabis is primarily due to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Some research suggests that prolonged cannabinoid use increases its half-life and fat solubility in the body, slowing gastric emptying, leading towards feelings of nausea and vomiting.

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This study uses life cycle analysis (LCA) to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) performance of carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) systems. A detailed gate-to-gate LCA model of EOR was developed and incorporated into a cradle-to-grave boundary with a functional unit of 1 MJ of combusted gasoline. The cradle-to-grave model includes two sources of CO2: natural domes and anthropogenic (fossil power equipped with carbon capture).

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Purpose: To assess whether there are differences in medical students' (MS) knowledge acquisition after being provided a virtual patient (VP) case summary with a patient's name and facial picture included compared to no patient's name or image.

Method: 76 MS from four clerkship blocks participated. Blocks one and three (Treatment group) were provided case materials containing the patient's name and facial picture while blocks two and four (Control group) were provided similar materials without the patient's name or image.

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Academic dentistry, as a career track, is not attracting sufficient numbers of new recruits to maintain a corps of skilled dental educators. The Faculty Development Program (FDP) at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Dental School received federal funds to institute a 7-component program to enhance faculty recruitment and retention and provide training in skills associated with success in academics including:(1) a Teaching Excellence and Academic Skills (TExAS)Fellowship, (2) training in research methodology,evidence-based practice research, and information management, (3) an annual dental hygiene faculty development workshop for dental hygiene faculty, (4) a Teaching Honors Program and Academic Dental Careers Fellowship to cultivate students' interest in educational careers, (5) an Interprofessional Primary Care Rotation,(6) advanced education support toward a master's degree in public health, and (7) a key focus of the entire FDP, an annual Career Transition Workshop to facilitate movement from the practice arena to the educational arm of the profession.The Career Transition Workshop is a cap stone for the FDP; its goal is to build a bridge from practice to academic environment.

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Patient cases with associated questions are a method for increasing the clinical relevance of licensure exams. This study used generalizability theory to assess changes in score reliability when the number of questions per case varied in the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE). The experimental design maintained the same total number of case-based items, while varying the number of cases and items within cases to assess changes in score reliability.

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Beginning in 2012, candidate performance on the National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) has been reported as pass/fail, and only the failing candidates receive numerical scores for remediation purposes. The Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations recognizes that the numerical scores have been important information to dental schools for curriculum evaluation and that the pass/fail reports do not provide meaningful information to the schools. This article describes the process of evaluating and validating a new model for reporting standardized school-level performance data on the NBDE.

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Background: Institutional teaching awards have been used widely in higher education since the 1970s. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of the literature on such awards has not been published since 1997.

Aim: We conducted a literature review to learn as much as possible about the design (e.

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In this study, numerical course scores of second-year dental students in four successive classes in an oral and maxillofacial pathology course were compared. While the course content and teaching methods were essentially unchanged throughout the four years, two modest departures from the sole use of multiple-choice format questions were made in the assessment of student achievements. The modifications consisted of creating a more challenging examination procedure through the inclusion of un-cued short-answer format questions and the institution of correction-for-guessing scoring on multiple-choice examinations.

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As part of the overall exam validation process, the Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations periodically reviews and validates the pass/fail standard for the National Board Dental Examination (NBDE), Parts I and II. The most recent standard-setting activities for NBDE Part II used the Objective Standard Setting method. This report describes the process used to set the pass/fail standard for the 2009 exam.

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Objective: To determine if measurements obtained from digital models from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were comparable to the traditional method of digital study models by impressions.

Materials And Methods: Digital models of 30 subjects were used. InVivoDental (Anatomage, San Jose, Calif) software was used to analyze CBCT scans taken by a Galileos cone beam scanner (Sirona, Charlotte, NC) with a field of view of 15 x 15 x 15 cm(3) and a voxel resolution of 0.

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