Risk Factors for the Development of and Outcomes After Diagnosis of Autoimmune Alopecia Areata in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Introduction: The development of certain immune-mediated diseases (IMD) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD; Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC)] has been linked to treatment of IBD. Hair loss in some patients may be due to immune-mediated alopecia areata (AA). Risk factors and outcomes of AA in patients with IBD have not been previously explored.

Arabidopsis AN3 and OLIGOCELLULA genes link telomere maintenance mechanisms with cell division and expansion control.

Telomeres are conserved chromosomal structures necessary for continued cell division and proliferation. In addition to the classical telomerase pathway, multiple other genes including those involved in ribosome metabolism and chromatin modification contribute to telomere length maintenance. We previously reported that Arabidopsis thaliana ribosome biogenesis genes OLI2/NOP2A, OLI5/RPL5A and OLI7/RPL5B have critical roles in telomere length regulation.

Larval swimming in the sea anemone is sensitive to a broad light spectrum and exhibits a wavelength-dependent behavioral switch.

In nearly all animals, light-sensing mediated by opsin visual pigments is important for survival and reproduction. Eyeless light-sensing systems, though vital for many animals, have received relatively less attention than forms with charismatic or complex eyes. Despite no single light-sensing organ, the sea anemone has 29 opsin genes and multiple light-mediated behaviors throughout development and reproduction, suggesting a deceptively complex light-sensing system.

Arabidopsis AN3 and OLIGOCELLULA genes link telomere maintenance mechanisms with cell division and expansion control.

Telomeres are conserved chromosomal structures necessary for continued cell division and proliferation. In addition to the classical telomerase pathway, multiple other genes including those involved in ribosome metabolism and chromatin modification contribute to telomere length maintenance. We previously reported that ribosome biogenesis genes and have critical roles in telomere length regulation.

Congenital Ichthyosis: A Practical Clinical Guide on Current Treatments and Future Perspectives.

Congenital ichthyoses are a group of hereditary disorders of keratinization that are challenging to treat. Affected individuals suffer not only from thickening of the skin but also associated complications such as growth restriction, hearing and eye complications, infections, and thermodysregulation. This clinical review provides a practical roadmap to the longitudinal care of patients with ichthyosis with both general and age- and disease-specific recommendations.

Protection against lethal sepsis following immunization with species varies by isolate and inversely correlates with bone marrow tissue damage.

Protection against lethal ()/ () intra-abdominal infection (IAI)-mediated sepsis can be achieved by a novel form of trained innate immunity (TII) involving Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are induced by inoculation (immunization) with low virulence species [i.e., ()] that infiltrate the bone marrow (BM).

-induced granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are protective against polymicrobial sepsis.

Polymicrobial intra-abdominal infections are serious clinical infections that can lead to life-threatening sepsis, which is difficult to treat in part due to the complex and dynamic inflammatory responses involved. Our prior studies demonstrated that immunization with low-virulence species can provide strong protection against lethal polymicrobial sepsis challenge in mice. This long-lived protection was found to be mediated by trained Gr-1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes with features resembling myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).

Antimalarials are not Effective as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19: A Retrospective Matched Control Study.

The early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted a repurposing of antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs as investigational therapeutics, including hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. While antimalarials have been well-refuted as a treatment for COVID-19, data on these drugs' role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection as pre-exposure prophylaxis is more limited. We investigated the efficacy of antimalarial drugs as pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis in a US tertiary-care center.

Independent Effects of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy on the Oral Microbiome Identified by Multivariate Analyses.

The oral microbiome is an important predictor of health and disease. We recently reported significant yet modest effects of HIV under highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the oral microbiome (bacterial and fungal) in a large cohort of HIV-positive (HIV) and matched HIV-negative (HIV) individuals. As it was unclear whether ART added to or masked further effects of HIV on the oral microbiome, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of HIV and ART independently, which also included HIV subjects on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) therapy.

Novel breakthroughs in advanced prostate cancer management.

Introduction: Although PSA screening has been rationalized, prostate cancer continues to have the highest incidence rate in 2021, and alone accounts for 26% of cancer diagnoses in men. A thorough review of the medical literature highlights a vast array of approved and investigational treatments for prostate cancer. Thus, selecting the best treatment option for the appropriate patient at the right time is crucial.

Efficacy of and Fungal β-Glucans in Inducing Trained Innate Immune Protection Against Inducers of Sepsis.

Fungal-bacterial intra-abdominal infections (IAI) can lead to sepsis with significant morbidity and mortality. We have established a murine model of () and () IAI that results in acute lethal sepsis. Prior intraperitoneal or intravenous inoculation with low virulence confers high level protection against lethal IAI and sepsis.

Developments in the Management of Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Review.

Approximately 20% of breast cancers overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), providing an actionable target for many different therapies. In the metastatic setting, prognosis has improved greatly with the use of anti-HER2 drugs such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and trastuzumab-emtansine. In the third line setting and beyond, several emerging treatments have shown benefits, including novel small molecule targeted agents and antibody-drug conjugates.

Oncology Care Provision: Planning for Today, Tomorrow, and Years to Come.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Canadian Cancer Society had already projected added pressures on cancer care services, predicting an increase of 79% in cancer cases by 2028-2032 [...

Trained Innate Immunity Induced by Vaccination with Low-Virulence Species Mediates Protection against Several Forms of Fungal Sepsis via Ly6G Gr-1 Leukocytes.

We recently discovered a novel form of trained innate immunity (TII) induced by low-virulence species (i.e., Candida dubliniensis) that protects against lethal fungal/bacterial infection.

Focal therapy for prostate cancer: Making the punishment fit the crime.

Background: Focal therapy is recently gaining popularity as an intermediate option between active surveillance and whole-gland treatment for localized prostate cancer.

Objective: This comprehensive review aims to present the different focal therapy technologies available to date while tackling the rationale for focal treatment, its indications, principles and outcomes of each technique.

Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive review of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was done.