Effect of Cash Benefits on Health Care Utilization and Health: A Randomized Study.

Importance: Poverty is associated with greater barriers to health care and worse health outcomes, but it remains unclear whether income support can improve health.

Objective: To examine the effect of cash benefits on health care utilization and health.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The City of Chelsea, Massachusetts, a low-income community near Boston, randomly assigned individuals by lottery to receive cash benefits.

Termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia by intranasal swab insertion.

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a common emergency department presentation. Vagal maneuvers are commonly tried to terminate SVT but are often unsuccessful in terminating the dysrhythmia. The use of adenosine, while often successful, is associated with a number of side effects and is often disliked by patients with recurrent episodes of SVT.

What does "brainstem death" mean? A review of international protocols.

Purpose: The term "brainstem death" is ambiguous; it can be used to refer either exclusively to loss of function of the brainstem or loss of function of the whole brain. We aimed to establish the term's intended meaning in national protocols for the determination of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) from around the world.

Methods: Of 78 unique international protocols on determination of BD/DNC, we identified eight that referred exclusively to loss of function of the brainstem in the definition of death.

Diffusive excitonic bands from frustrated triangular sublattice in a singlet-ground-state system.

Magnetic order in most materials occurs when magnetic ions with finite moments arrange in a particular pattern below the ordering temperature. Intriguingly, if the crystal electric field (CEF) effect results in a spin-singlet ground state, a magnetic order can still occur due to the exchange interactions between neighboring ions admixing the excited CEF levels. The magnetic excitations in such a state are spin excitons generally dispersionless in reciprocal space.

Bougie-Facilitated Tamponade Balloon Placement for Massive Esophagogastric Variceal Hemorrhage: A Case Series and Novel Procedural Technique Description.

Background: Balloon tamponade of esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage is a lifesaving but challenging procedure. One difficulty that often arises is coiling of the tube in the oropharynx. We describe a novel use of the bougie as an external stylet to help guide placement of the balloon to help overcome this challenge.

A 2-4 keV multilayer mirrored channel for the NIF Dante system.

During inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), a capsule filled with deuterium and tritium (DT) gas, surrounded by a DT ice layer and a high-density carbon ablator, is driven to the temperature and densities required to initiate fusion. In the indirect method, 2 MJ of NIF laser light heats the inside of a gold hohlraum to a radiation temperature of 300 eV; thermal x rays from the hohlraum interior couple to the capsule and create a central hotspot at tens of millions degrees Kelvin and a density of 100-200 g/cm. During the laser interaction with the gold wall, m-band x rays are produced at ∼2.

Multimodality Imaging of Caval and Coronary Sinus Venous Anomalies.

• Abnormal fetal development can produce several anomalies of the caval venous system. • We present multimodality imaging of the most common caval venous anomalies. • Each imaging modality provides incremental value when identifying these anomalies.

Primary Care Physician Gender and Electronic Health Record Workload.

Background: Prior research indicates that female physicians spend more time working in the electronic health record (EHR) than do male physicians.

Objective: To examine gender differences in EHR usage among primary care physicians and identify potential causes for those differences.

Design: Retrospective study of EHR usage by primary care physicians (PCPs) in an academic hospital system.

Alkaloids and Selected Topics in Their Thermochemistry.

Alkaloid chemistry is varied and complex. Many alkaloids attract a great deal of interest because of their physiological activity, yet surprisingly little is known about the thermochemistry of these compounds, especially in the gas phase. In this paper, we investigate the thermochemical characteristics, specifically demethoxylation enthalpies rather than those derived from trans-methoxylation reactions, of a series of biologically relevant alkaloids in their condensed phase.

Photochemical Valence Isomerization to High Energy Products-Bicyclobutanes and Oxabicyclobutanes.

DFT calculations were used to determine the structures and energies of bicyclobutane and oxabicyclobutane as valence isomers derived from electronic excitation of their corresponding precursors, 1,3-butadiene and acrolein, respectively. Proton affinities of these strained compounds were determined and compared with their simple ring components, cyclopropane and ethylene oxide. The basicity as determined from proton affinities showed that bicyclobutane is the most basic saturated hydrocarbon, even more basic than oxabicyclobutane.

Barriers to the Use of Neurologic Criteria to Declare Death in Africa.

There are varying medical, legal, social, religious and philosophical perspectives about the distinction between life and death. Death can be declared using cardiopulmonary or neurologic criteria throughout much of the world. After solicitation of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) protocols from contacts around the world, we found that the percentage of countries with BD/DNC protocols is much lower in Africa than other developing regions.

Predicted Reversal in N-Methylazepine/N-Methyl-7-azanorcaradiene Equilibrium Upon Formation of Their N-Oxides.

Density functional calculations and up to five different basis sets have been applied to the exploration of the structural, enthalpy and free energy changes upon conversion of the azepine to the corresponding N-oxide. Although it is well known that azepines are typically much more stable than their 7-azanorcaradiene valence isomers, the stabilities are reversed for the corresponding N-oxides. Structural, thermochemical as well as nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) criteria are employed to probe the potential aromaticity, antiaromaticity and nonaromaticity of N-methylazepine, its 7-azanorcaradiene valence isomer.

Computational Study of Selected Amine and Lactam N-Oxides Including Comparisons of N-O Bond Dissociation Enthalpies with Those of Pyridine N-Oxides.

A computational study of the structures and energetics of amine N-oxides, including pyridine N-oxides, trimethylamine N-oxide, bridgehead bicyclic amine N-oxides, and lactam N-oxides, allowed comparisons with published experimental data. Most of the computations employed the B3LYP/6-31G* and M06/6-311G+(d,p) models and comparisons were also made between the results of the HF 6-31G*, B3LYP/6-31G**, B3PW91/6-31G*, B3PW91/6-31G**, and the B3PW91/6-311G+(d,p) models. The range of calculated N-O bond dissociation energies (BDE) (actually enthalpies) was about 40 kcal/mol.

Ancillary Testing for Determination of Death by Neurologic Criteria Around the World.

Objective: We sought to identify similarities and differences in the diagnostic requirements for ancillary testing for determination of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) around the world.

Methods: We reviewed diagnostic requirements for ancillary testing for BD/DNC in 78 unique official national BD/DNC protocols obtained from contacts worldwide between January 2018 and April 2019.

Results: Details provided on the performance and interpretation of ancillary tests for determination of BD/DNC were variably provided and inconsistent.

Determination of death by neurologic criteria in Latin American and Caribbean countries.

Objectives: We sought to (1) identify the countries in the Latin America/Caribbean Group of the United Nations (GRULAC) that have protocols for brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) and (2) review the similarities and differences between these protocols.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2018 and April 2019, we obtained and reviewed BD/DNC protocols from countries in GRULAC.

Results: We communicated with contacts in 30/33 countries in GRULAC (91 % of countries) and found that 16 (53 % of countries with contacts, 48 % of Latin American/Caribbean countries) had BD/DNC protocols.

Determination of death by neurologic criteria around the world.

Objective: To identify similarities and differences in protocols on determination of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) around the world.

Methods: We collected and reviewed official national BD/DNC protocols from contacts around the world between January 2018 and April 2019.

Results: We communicated with contacts in 136 countries and found that 83 (61% of countries with contacts identified, 42% of the world) had BD/DNC protocols, 78 of which were unique.

Why are the Elemental Nonmetals (F , Cl , Br , I , S , P ) of so Many Hues or of Any Hues and Where is the Chromophore? Insight into Intera-X-X Bonds.

A unique approach is used to relate the HOMO-LUMO energy difference to the difference between the ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) to assist in deducing not only the colors, but also chromophores in elemental nonmetals. Our analysis focuses on compounds with lone pair electrons and σ electrons, namely X (X = F, Cl, Br, I), S and P . For the dihalogens, the [IP - EA] energies are found to be: F (12.

Investigating palliative care nurse attitudes towards medical assistance in dying: An exploratory cross-sectional study.

Aim: To investigate palliative care nurse attitudes towards medical assistance in dying.

Design: An exploratory cross-sectional study design.

Methods: A mailed letter recruited participants with data collection occurring on a secure online survey platform between November 2017-February 2018.

How Often are Orphan Drugs Orphaned by the Thermochemical Community?

Orphan drug products (e.g. drugs and biologics) in the United States are those that treat people with rare chronic diseases, often cancer or metabolic disease.

Computed Regioselectivity and Conjectured Biological Activity of Ene Reactions of Singlet Oxygen with the Natural Product Hyperforin.

Hyperforin is a constituent of St. John's wort and coexists with the singlet oxygen sensitizer hypericin. Density functional theory, molecular mechanics and Connolly surface calculations show that accessibility in the singlet oxygen "ene" reaction favors the hyperforin "southwest" and "southeast" prenyl (2-methyl-2-butenyl) groups over the northern prenyl groups.

Unique thermodynamic relationships for ΔH and ΔG for crystalline inorganic salts. I. Predicting the possible existence and synthesis of NaSO and NaSeO. Addendum.

Addendum to Vegas et al. [(2012), Acta Cryst. B68, 511-527].