Design of the (FRESH) study: leveraging systems science to work with independently-owned restaurants to increase access to and promotion of healthful foods.

Background: High dietary quality can protect against diet-related chronic diseases. In the United States, racial and ethnic minorities and those with lower incomes consistently exhibit lower dietary quality. Independently-owned restaurants are a common prepared food source in minority low-income communities, but there are significant knowledge gaps on how to work with these restaurants to offer healthy food, due to underlying and dynamic complexities associated with providing healthy food options.

Frailism: a scoping review exploring discrimination against people living with frailty.

People living with frailty can experience discrimination, but unlike the characteristics of age and disability, frailty is not protected by law. Frailty is a clinical syndrome associated with ageing in which health deficits increase a person's vulnerability to illness, disability, and death. This scoping review, conducted by a team of methodologists, clinicians, lawyers, and patients, aimed to investigate the extent of discrimination against people living with frailty described in health-care literature.

Transient glycan-shield reduction induces CD4-binding site broadly neutralizing antibodies in SHIV-infected macaques.

Unlabelled: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 CD4-binding site (CD4bs) occur infrequently in macaques and humans and have not been reproducibly elicited in any outbred animal model. To address this challenge, we first isolated RHA10, an infection-induced rhesus bNAb with 51% breadth. The cryo-EM structure of RHA10 with HIV-1 envelope (Env) resembled prototypic human CD4bs bNAbs with CDR-H3-dominated binding.

Dissemination through trusted credible messengers: 133 weeks of the Flint Community Webinar on COVID-19.

Background: Community access to evidence-based information is critical, especially during a pandemic, as it can impact knowledge and adoption of health behaviors that affect health disparities. The field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is ideally positioned to address this need through its focus on reducing the research-to-practice gap through improved distribution of information. The purpose of this paper is to describe the creation of a weekly webinar series about COVID-19 directed toward community members, and the extent to which webinars were found useful and increased awareness of evidence-based information and services.

Perceptions of sarcopenia in patients, health and care professionals, and the public: a scoping review of studies from different countries.

Rationale And Objective: Perceptions of sarcopenia have rarely been explored, yet understanding these will be key for successful translation of sarcopenia research findings into meaningful benefits for patients and the public. This scoping review aimed to explore how sarcopenia is perceived amongst patients, health and care professionals (HCP), and the public in different countries.

Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched from inception up to December 2023 with no geographical or language limitations.

Early Attrition Prediction for Web-Based Interpretation Bias Modification to Reduce Anxious Thinking: A Machine Learning Study.

Background: Digital mental health is a promising paradigm for individualized, patient-driven health care. For example, cognitive bias modification programs that target interpretation biases (cognitive bias modification for interpretation [CBM-I]) can provide practice thinking about ambiguous situations in less threatening ways on the web without requiring a therapist. However, digital mental health interventions, including CBM-I, are often plagued with lack of sustained engagement and high attrition rates.

Mortality after high-risk myocardial infarction over the last 20 years: Insights from the VALIANT and PARADISE-MI trials.

Aims: The temporal changes in clinical profiles and outcomes of high-risk myocardial infarction survivors enrolled in clinical trials are poorly described. This study compares mortality rates, baseline characteristics, and the prognostic impact of therapies among participants of the VALIANT and PARADISE-MI trials.

Methods And Results: Exclusively VALIANT participants who matched the inclusion criteria of the PARADISE-MI trial were included in the analysis.

Evaluation of storage parameters of platelet-rich plasma in functional assay of epithelial gap repair.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), produced from autologous blood and containing growth factors, has shown promise in treating various conditions, including diabetic wounds. However, as expected, patient compliance is low in the context of repeated treatments as required for hard-to-heal wounds. This study investigates the efficacy of PRP stored under refrigeration for up to 2 weeks in promoting in-vitro human epithelial cell gap closure.

Liver-related mortality in homeless-experienced adults over a 16-year period.

Homeless-experienced adults have higher liver-related mortality than the general population. The objective of our study was to examine temporal liver-related mortality trends and assess cause-specific liver-related mortality disparities in a large cohort of homeless-experienced adults. We linked a cohort of 60,092 adults who received care at Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (BHCHP) from 2003-2017 to Massachusetts death occurrence files spanning 2003-2018.

Lived experience consultants to a child sexual abuse inquiry: Survivor epistemology as a counterweight to legal and administrative proceduralism.

Background: The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) in England and Wales was the first major child abuse inquiry internationally to appoint survivors to a formal role. The appointment of the Victims and Survivors Consultative Panel (VSCP) reflects growing recognition of the value of lived experience expertise and a broader shift in the policy domain towards public involvement and co-design.

Objective: This article draws on research that sought to understand both the experiences of a group of victims and survivors with related professional expertise consulting to a public inquiry, and the impact they had on the operation of the inquiry.

Evaluating the treatment utility of the Cognitive Assessment System: A meta-analysis of reading and mathematics outcomes.

There has been a long search for cognitive assessments that reveal aptitudes thought to be useful for treatment planning. In this regard, since the 1990s, there has been some enthusiasm for the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) and its potential promise for informing treatment due to its alignment of theory, assessment instrument, and suite of interventions. The purpose of this meta-analytic review was to synthesize research pertinent to the treatment utility of the CAS according to a taxonomy of treatment utility.

Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in patients who undergo knee arthroscopy: a systematic review.

Background: Knee arthroscopy is one of the most common procedures performed by orthopedic surgeons. A potentially life-threatening complication following this procedure is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT prophylaxis can be obtained both mechanically (e.

The Effect of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy on Scoliosis in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Long-term Follow-up Study.

Background: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is commonly used to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Children with CP have an increased risk of spinal deformities that increase with age and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. Few studies have considered the risk of spinal deformity post-SDR by GMFCS level.

Integration of Palliative Care into Heart Failure Care: Consensus-Based Recommendations from the Heart Failure Society of America.

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by significant symptoms, compromised quality of life, frequent hospital admissions, and high mortality rates; palliative care (PC) is, therefore, highly relevant for patients with HF and their clinicians. Multiple guidelines and consensus statements recommend the provision of PC alongside HF management. However, few resources exist to guide the integration of PC into HF care, for both primary PC (provided by HF clinicians in the course of HF care) and specialty PC (provided by PC specialists).

Mapping in silico genetic networks of the KMT2D tumour suppressor gene to uncover novel functional associations and cancer cell vulnerabilities.

Background: Loss-of-function (LOF) alterations in tumour suppressor genes cannot be directly targeted. Approaches characterising gene function and vulnerabilities conferred by such mutations are required.

Methods: Here, we computationally map genetic networks of KMT2D, a tumour suppressor gene frequently mutated in several cancer types.

The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog: standards for reusability, sustainability and diversity.

The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog serves as a vital resource for the genetic research community, providing access to the most comprehensive database of human GWAS results. Currently, it contains close to 7 000 publications for >15 000 traits, from which more than 625 000 lead associations have been curated. Additionally, 85 000 full genome-wide summary statistics datasets-containing association data for all variants in the analysis-are available for downstream analyses such as meta-analysis, fine-mapping, Mendelian randomisation or development of polygenic risk scores.

Selective dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist (±)VK4-40 reduces the reinforcing strength of d-amphetamine but not cocaine in rhesus monkeys responding under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Background: Although countless studies have aimed to identify and test novel therapeutics for stimulant misuse, there are still no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for stimulant use disorders. One potential treatment target is the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and studies in rodents have suggested that the novel D3R partial agonist (±)VK4-40 may be effective at decreasing cocaine self-administration. However, no previous studies have examined the efficacy of (±)VK4-40 in reducing cocaine self-administration in nonhuman primates nor the generality of effects by examining self-administration of other stimulants using a within-subjects design.

Community Member Perceptions of Dollar Stores in Baltimore City, Maryland: "They are Not Progressive for the Communities".

Dollar stores are the fastest-growing type of food retailer in the United States, prompting policy action across the country related to their perceived negative impact on the communities they serve. However, there is little existing research that explores community member perceptions of dollar stores, which is critical to inform new, equitable policies. To address this gap in Baltimore City, Maryland, where dollar store density is high, we aimed to describe community member perceptions of dollar stores in terms of their role in the broader community.

The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog: standards for reusability, sustainability and diversity.

The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog serves as a vital resource for the genetic research community, providing access to the most comprehensive database of human GWAS results. Currently, it contains close to 7,000 publications for more than 15,000 traits, from which more than 625,000 lead associations have been curated. Additionally, 85,000 full genome-wide summary statistics datasets - containing association data for all variants in the analysis - are available for downstream analyses such as meta-analysis, fine-mapping, Mendelian randomisation or development of polygenic risk scores.

Vericiguat Global Study in Participants with Chronic Heart Failure: Design of the VICTOR trial.

Aims: In the VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial, the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator vericiguat reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) or cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with recent worsening HF. The effect of vericiguat in patients with HFrEF without recent worsening HF remains unknown. The VICTOR (Vericiguat Global Study in Participants with Chronic Heart Failure) trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of vericiguat in patients with ejection fraction ≤40% without recent worsening HF on a background of current foundational HFrEF therapy.