Assessment of Clinical Reasoning During a High Stakes Medical Student OSCE.

Background & Need For Innovation: Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are commonly employed to assess clinical skills. While several existing tools address components of clinical reasoning, including the Assessment of Reasoning Tool, none are calibrated for competency-based assessment of medical students (UME) in an OSCE setting.

Goal Of Innovation: We sought to create a clinical reasoning assessment for use in a high-stakes, summative medical student OSCE.

Genes for highly abundant proteins in Escherichia coli avoid 5' codons that promote ribosomal initiation.

In many species highly expressed genes (HEGs) over-employ the synonymous codons that match the more abundant iso-acceptor tRNAs. Bacterial transgene codon randomization experiments report, however, that enrichment with such "translationally optimal" codons has little to no effect on the resultant protein level. By contrast, consistent with the view that ribosomal initiation is rate limiting, synonymous codon usage following the 5' ATG greatly influences protein levels, at least in part by modifying RNA stability.

Doing science together: Gaining momentum from long-term explorative university-industry research programs.

'Doing science together' collaborations are a more intense form of university-industry interactions and are characterized by a mutual involvement and active participation of academic and company scientists in scientific research. Here, we examine the successful approach that AstraZeneca and its internationally renowned academic partners, Karolinska Institutet and Uppsala University, implemented to fully unlock the potential of all parties in long-term, explorative, truly collaborative research programs. The underlying premises of these successful research programs are three collaborative governance mechanisms (3MCs) that are required that leverage the strengths of each organization: mutual collaboration; mutually beneficial science; and a mutual governance model with senior management involvement.

Research Priorities in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Funding Availability, Recently Published Work, and Future Directions for Advancing Our Science.

Background: Identifying and sharing psychiatric mental health (PMH) research priorities can help identify gaps in the literature, determine training needs for nurses, and assist investigators in locating funding.

Aims: The aims for this project included: (1) identify PMH nursing specialty research priorities from large, public funding entities; (2) compare the identified research priorities and scholarly articles published in 2020; and (3) outline future directions for advancing the science of PMH nursing.

Methods: Strategic plans of funding entities for PMH research were reviewed for research priorities.

Age-Related Child Sexual Abuse Experiences.

The study aimed to describe differences in the types of sexual abuse injuries between two age groups of children presenting to an emergency department. This descriptive correlational study explored the relationships between sexual abuse type and child's age using data from the hospital health records of 95 children ages 6-14 years. Descriptive analysis indicated that sexually abused child victims' ages were significantly associated with different types of penetrations and mucosal tears or injuries (p < 0.

Synchronous virtual interprofessional education focused on discharge planning.

COVID-19 required innovative approaches to educating health professions students who could no longer attend in-person classes or clinical rotations. Interprofessional education (IPE) activities were similarly impacted. To replace an in-person IPE activity slated for this spring, nursing and medical students with similar levels of clinical experience came together to attend a synchronous virtual session focused on discharge planning.

Molecular and cellular correlates in Kv channel clustering: entropy-based regulation of cluster ion channel density.

Scaffold protein-mediated ion channel clustering at unique membrane sites is important for electrical signaling. Yet, the mechanism(s) by which scaffold protein-ion channel interactions lead to channel clustering or how cluster ion channel density is regulated is mostly not known. The voltage-activated potassium channel (Kv) represents an excellent model to address these questions as the mechanism underlying its interaction with the post-synaptic density 95 (PSD-95) scaffold protein is known to be controlled by the length of the extended 'ball and chain' sequence comprising the C-terminal channel region.

Mass Spectrometry-Based Analysis of Urinary Biomarkers for Dietary Tomato Intake.

Scope: In this study, the applicability of several β-carboline, imidazole, and steroidal alkaloids as biomarkers for tomato juice intake is evaluated.

Methods And Results: Over the course of a 2-week crossover dietary intervention study, 14 volunteers were given low and high doses of tomato juice after 3 days of avoiding tomato-based products. On the day of consumption and the following days, volunteers provided urine samples that were quantitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Minding the Form That Transforms: Using Kegan's Model of Adult Development to Understand Personal and Professional Identity Formation in Medicine.

The formation of a physician's professional identity is a dynamic process shaped by and intertwined with the development of that person's larger adult identity. Constructive-developmentalist Robert Kegan's model of adult development describes four mental lenses used for meaning-making and the trajectory through which they transform over time. These lenses determine the way people take in and integrate complex influences into forming their adult identities.

Large-Scale Screening of Foods for Glucose-Derived β-Carboline Alkaloids by Stable Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS.

The occurrence of glucose-derived β-carboline alkaloids tangutorid E (Tan E) and tangutorid F (Tan F) as well as their dehydroxy-derivatives (DH-Tan E/F) was investigated in a broad variety of foodstuffs by LC-MS/MS-based stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA). For that purpose, the target compounds and their C-stable isotope-labeled analogues were synthesized from l-tryptophan and (C-)d-glucose and used to develop a rapid LC-MS/MS-SIDA method. After validation for several food matrices, the method was applied to the analysis of these β-carbolines in 80 food items.

The Impact of Cyberbullying on Physical and Psychological Health of Arab American Adolescents.

Utilizing a community-based, cross-sectional design, the present study explored Arab American adolescents' experiences in cyberbullying and its effect on their health. A convenience sample of 150 Arab American adolescents, ages 12-16, were recruited from two community centers located at Southeast Michigan. The survey focused on cyberbullying victimization and perpetration in the past year including frequencies and types of technology used.

Direct Evidence for a Similar Molecular Mechanism Underlying Shaker Kv Channel Fast Inactivation and Clustering.

The fast inactivation and clustering functions of voltage-dependent potassium channels play fundamental roles in electrical signaling. Recent evidence suggests that both these distinct channel functions rely on intrinsically disordered N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic segments that function as entropic clocks to time channel inactivation or scaffold protein-mediated clustering, both relying on what can be described as a "ball and chain" binding mechanism. Although the mechanisms employed in each case are seemingly analogous, both were put forward based on bulky chain deletions and further exhibit differences in reaction order.

An Exploration of Coping with Childhood Sexual Abuse in Arab American Women.

This research used a descriptive qualitative approach to explore coping with childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and to identify long-term psychological outcomes among Arab American women. Ten Arab American women participated in the study. Data were collected by individual semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis.

Efficacy of a Web-Based Oral Case Presentation Instruction Module: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Effective self-directed educational tools are invaluable. Our objective was to determine whether a self-directed, web-based oral case presentation module would improve medical students' oral case presentations compared to usual curriculum, and with similar efficacy as structured oral presentation faculty feedback sessions.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial among medical students rotating in pediatric clerkships at 7 US medical schools.

Self-Directed Rater Training for Pediatric History and Physical Exam Evaluation (P-HAPEE) Rubric, a Validated Written H&P Assessment Tool.

Introduction: We developed, revised, and implemented self-directed rater training materials in the course of a validity study for a written Pediatric History and Physical Exam Evaluation (P-HAPEE) rubric.

Methods: Core training materials consist of a single-page instruction sheet, sample written history and physical (H&P), and detailed answer key. We iteratively revised the materials based on reviewer comments and pilot testing.

Challenges and strategies for conducting sensitive research with an Arab American population.

Recruiting minority groups such as Arab Americans (Ar-Am) for research studies has been challenging. To date no studies were found that explicitly addressed challenges to recruit Ar-Am for sensitive research. The purpose of this article is to present the challenges across three pilot studies that involved Ar-Am samples and the strategies that were implemented to overcome these challenges.

Arab American Adolescents' Perceived Stress and Bullying Experiences: A Qualitative Study.

In 2012, 20% of high school students were bullied in the United States. Bullying is more prevalent among minority populations. Arab American adolescents receive little research attention and are described as the invisible population.

Using Liberating Structures to Increase Engagement in Identifying Priorities for the APNA Research Council.

Background: In 2015, the Co-Chairs and Steering Committee of the Research Council members recognized the need to reevaluate the council's priorities.

Objective: To determine the top priorities for the Research Council.

Design: Use of liberating structures: Impromptu Speed Networking, 1-2-4-all, and Crowd Sourcing.

Mother-Child Relational Quality of Women in Substance Abuse Treatment.

Background: Mothers who abuse substances are more likely to have impaired parenting and lose custody of their young children.

Objective: The pilot study described mother-child relational quality of women in substance abuse treatment. The identification of mothers' perceptions of being parented, current level of depression, discrete and potentially modifiable mothering behaviors, and self-appraisals of their role.

Small Steps in Impacting Clinical Auscultation of Medical Students.

The objective of this study was to determine if a training module improves the auscultation skills of medical students at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Second-year medical students completed pretests on 12 heart sounds followed by a 45-minute training module on clinical auscultation, with retesting immediately after the intervention and during their third-year pediatrics clerkship. The control group consisted of third-year medical students who did not have the intervention.

Developing Validity Evidence for the Written Pediatric History and Physical Exam Evaluation Rubric.

Objective: The written history and physical examination (H&P) is an underutilized source of medical trainee assessment. The authors describe development and validity evidence for the Pediatric History and Physical Exam Evaluation (P-HAPEE) rubric: a novel tool for evaluating written H&Ps.

Methods: Using an iterative process, the authors drafted, revised, and implemented the 10-item rubric at 3 academic institutions in 2014.

Genetic manipulation of iron biomineralization enhances MR relaxivity in a ferritin-M6A chimeric complex.

Ferritin has gained significant attention as a potential reporter gene for in vivo imaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, due to the ferritin ferrihydrite core, the relaxivity and sensitivity for detection of native ferritin is relatively low. We report here on a novel chimeric magneto-ferritin reporter gene - ferritin-M6A - in which the magnetite binding peptide from the magnetotactic bacteria magnetosome-associated Mms6 protein was fused to the C-terminal of murine h-ferritin.

Model Development of Mothering by Women with Bipolar Illness.

A sensitive, secure, and consistent relationship with their mother is critical for young children. There is a dearth of knowledge about the quality of mothering of young children by women with bipolar disorder. These mothers are frequently challenged, unable to provide consistency, and are at risk for loss of child custody.

Development of a Child Abuse Level Management (CALM) Guide for Research with Young Children.

Reporting child abuse or neglect is an ethical expectation and a legislated mandate of behavioral and health care professionals in the United States. In particular, researchers who investigate parent-child dyads are responsible for submitting procedures and informed consent documents to institutional review boards that provide for the protection of children. The challenge for researchers is to recognize failing quality of parent-child interaction, prior to any event of maltreatment and to intercede in a deteriorating dynamic.