The 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Landscape of Prostate Cancer.

Unlabelled: Analysis of DNA methylation is a valuable tool to understand disease progression and is increasingly being used to create diagnostic and prognostic clinical biomarkers. While conversion of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) commonly results in transcriptional repression, further conversion to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is associated with transcriptional activation. Here we perform the first study integrating whole-genome 5hmC with DNA, 5mC, and transcriptome sequencing in clinical samples of benign, localized, and advanced prostate cancer.

Reducing ageism toward older adults and highlighting older adults as contributors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated ageism (stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination) toward older adults in the United States, highlighting the belief that older adults are a burden. Prior to the pandemic, a growing body of research sought to reduce ageism using the PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences) model. Extending that research, participants were randomly assigned to watch three videos (less than 10 min total) that challenged stereotypes about aging and older adults, depicted positive intergenerational contact, and highlighted older adults as contributors to society (experimental condition) or three videos on wallpaper (control condition).

Mediterranean diet is linked to less objective disability in multiple sclerosis.

Background: The multiple sclerosis (MS) community is highly interested in diet as a potential protective factor against disability, but empirical evidence remains limited.

Objective: Evaluate associations between patient-reported Mediterranean diet alignment and objective disability in a real-world MS cohort.

Methods: Data were analyzed from persons with MS, aged 18-65, who completed the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), MS Functional Composite (MSFC; primary disability metric), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs; disability, gait disturbance, fatigue, anxiety, and depression) as part of our Comprehensive Annual Assessment Program.

COVID-19-Related worries mediate the association between attachment orientation and elevated depression levels at 21-month postpartum.

Background: The study's aims were to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in depression levels of 21 months postpartum women who were initially sampled before the pandemic and whether COVID-19-related worries mediated the association between women's attachment orientations and this hypothesized increase.

Methods: Participants comprised 185 postpartum women sampled in the maternity ward of a tertiary healthcare center in Israel followed from childbirth to 21 months postpartum in four-time points. .

Use of a non-endoscopic immunocytological device (Cytosponge™) for post chemoradiotherapy surveillance in patients with oesophageal cancer in the UK (CYTOFLOC): A multicentre feasibility study.

Background: Effective surveillance strategies are required for patients diagnosed with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or adenocarcinoma (OAC) for whom chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is used as a potentially-curative, organ-sparing, alternative to surgery. In this study, we evaluated the safety, acceptability and tolerability of a non-endoscopic immunocytological device (the Cytosponge™) to assess treatment response following CRT.

Methods: This multicentre, single-arm feasibility trial took place in 10 tertiary cancer centres in the UK.

Tau, an sensor of tau multimerization, identifies neuroprotective interventions in tauopathy.

Tau protein aggregates are a defining neuropathological feature of "tauopathies," a group of neurodegenerative disorders that include Alzheimer's disease. In the current study, we develop a split-luciferase-based sensor of tau-tau interaction. This model, which we term "tau," allows investigators to quantify tau multimerization at individual time points or longitudinally in adult, living animals housed in a 96-well plate.

Clinically compatible subject-specific dynamic parallel transmit pulse design for homogeneous fat saturation and water-excitation at 7T: Proof-of-concept for CEST MRI of the brain.

Purpose: To evaluate the benefits and challenges of dynamic parallel transmit (pTx) pulses for fat saturation (FS) and water-excitation (WE), in the context of CEST MRI.

Methods: "Universal" k -points (for FS) and spiral non-selective (for WE) trajectories were optimized offline for flip angle (FA) homogeneity. Routines to optimize the pulse shape online, based on the subject's fields maps, were implemented (target FA of 110°/0° for FS, 0°/5° for WE at fat/water frequencies).

Pulmonary Dysfunction after Pediatric COVID-19.

Background Long COVID occurs at a lower frequency in children and adolescents than in adults. Morphologic and free-breathing phase-resolved functional low-field-strength MRI may help identify persistent pulmonary manifestations after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Purpose To characterize both morphologic and functional changes of lung parenchyma at low-field-strength MRI in children and adolescents with post-COVID-19 condition compared with healthy controls.

Pediatric Subspecialist Alcohol Screening Rates and Concerns About Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among Their Adolescent Patients.

Purpose: Pediatric specialty care provides an opportunity to screen for and address patient substance use; however, little is known about providers' screening rates, their opinions regarding substance use harms, or the potential marijuana to be used as a medication.

Methods: We surveyed national convenience samples of pediatric endocrinologists (N = 142) and rheumatologists (N = 83) and used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to examine alcohol screening rates, barriers, and for medical use of marijuana, differences between subspecialist concerns.

Results: In all, 36.

Effects of a Patient-Centered Intervention to Reduce Alcohol Use Among Youth With Chronic Medical Conditions.

Purpose: Alcohol poses unique risks for youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMC) yet many drink. Preventive interventions targeting YCMC are scarce.

Methods: YCMC with type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or inflammatory bowel disease were recruited and randomized to trial the effects of a self-administered condition-tailored psychoeducational intervention on frequency in days of past 3-month alcohol use, alcohol-related risk perceptions, and knowledge.

Gut Microbiome-Wide Search for Bacterial Azoreductases Reveals Potentially Uncharacterized Azoreductases Encoded in the Human Gut Microbiome.

The human gut is home to trillions of microorganisms that are responsible for the modification of many orally administered drugs, leading to a wide range of therapeutic outcomes. Prodrugs bearing an azo bond are designed to treat inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer via microbial azo reduction, allowing for topical application of therapeutic moieties to the diseased tissue in the intestines. Despite the inextricable link between microbial azo reduction and the efficacy of azo prodrugs, the prevalence, abundance, and distribution of azoreductases have not been systematically examined across the gut microbiome.

Clopidogrel hyper-response increases peripheral hemorrhagic complications without increasing intracranial complications in endovascular aneurysm treatments requiring dual antiplatelet therapy.

Clinical significance of increased clopidogrel response measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 assay is unclear; management guidelines are lacking in the context of neuroendovascular intervention. Our objective was to assess whether increased clopidogrel response predicts complications from endovascular aneurysm treatment requiring dual antiplatelet therapy. A single-institution, 9-year retrospective study of patients undergoing endovascular treatments for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms requiring aspirin and clopidogrel was conducted.

Manual Pressure Points Technique for Massive Hemorrhage Control-A Prospective Human Volunteer Study.

Background: While commonly thought to be effective for management of limb and junctional hemorrhage, the manual pressure points technique was excluded from leading prehospital guidelines over a decade ago following the publication of a single human-volunteers study presenting unfavorable results. This work aimed to re-assess the efficacy and feasibility of the femoral and supraclavicular pressure points technique for temporary hemorrhage control distal to the pressure point.

Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, human volunteer, controlled environment study.

Intra-Subject Variability in Mathematical Learning Difficulties.

Objective: Mathematical learning difficulties (MLD) are characterized by difficulties in the understanding and processing of numbers and quantities. While MLD is related mainly to numerical deficits, studies show that this population has several other cognitive difficulties. The current study examined whether the cognitive deficits consisting of cognitive instability in the form of intra-subject variability (ISV) will also characterize the performance of individuals with MLD.

Exploration and analysis of R-loop mapping data with RLBase.

R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures formed from the hybridization of RNA and DNA. In 2012, Ginno et al. introduced the first R-loop mapping method.

Phenotype Harmonization in the GLIDE2 Oral Health Genomics Consortium.

Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome.

Association of Screening and Brief Intervention With Substance Use in Massachusetts Middle and High Schools.

Importance: Screening and brief intervention (SBI) programs in schools have the potential to provide substance use prevention messages to large numbers of adolescents. This study evaluated the association between exposure to a school-based SBI program and reductions in substance use among youths after enactment of a law that required Massachusetts schools to provide SBI to all students.

Objective: To estimate the association between exposure to a school-based SBI program and changes in substance use among youths.

Pattern of thalamic nuclei atrophy in early relapse-onset multiple sclerosis.

Background: Thalamic atrophy is prominent in multiple sclerosis; however, it is unclear which thalamic nuclei are most vulnerable, especially early in disease.

Introduction: To investigate which thalamic nuclei differ between patients in early stages of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) versus healthy controls and examine the relationship between thalamic nuclei volume and T2 lesion volume.

Methods: We derived 15 thalamic subfields from high-resolution 3T magnetic resonance images in 182 patients with early RRMS (diagnosed ≤5.

Battle of the buttress: 5-year propensity-matched analysis of staple-line reinforcement techniques from the MBSAQIP database.

Background: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) has demonstrated to be safe; however, controversy remains on how to decrease major complications, particularly bleeding and leaks. There are variations in staple-line reinforcement techniques, including no reinforcement, oversewing, and buttressing. We sought to evaluate the effect of those methods on post-operative complications using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Quality Initiative Program (MBSAQIP) database.

Implementation of targeted deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications in patients on hemodialysis.

Purpose: Patients on hemodialysis have a high risk of medication-related problems. Studies using deprescribing algorithms to reduce the number of inappropriate medications in this population have been published, but none have used a patient-partnership approach. Our study evaluated the impact of a similar intervention with a patient-partnership approach.

Thrombus-associated microbiota in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Background: Despite a reduction in stroke incidence and age-standardized death rates, stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Significant interest in recent years has focused on the microbiota-host interaction because accumulating evidence has revealed myriad ways in which bacteria may contribute to risk of stroke and adverse outcomes after stroke. The emergence of endovascular thrombectomy as a treatment provides a unique opportunity to utilize thrombus retrieved from cerebral arteries to fill knowledge gaps about the influence of bacteria on stroke pathophysiology.