A Short Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Assessment Scale for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Background: Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) suffer from several neuropsychological impairments. These mainly affect the frontal lobe and subcortical brain structures. However, a scale for the assessment of cognitive and neuropsychiatric disability in PSP is still missing.

Feasibility and potential diagnostic value of [F]PI-2620 PET in patients with down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: a case series.

Purpose Of The Report: Adults with Down Syndrome (DS) have a substantially increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the triplicated amyloid-precursor-protein gene on chromosome 21, resulting in amyloid and tau accumulation. However, tau PET assessments are not sufficiently implemented in DS-AD research or clinical work-up, and second-generation tau tracers such as [F]PI-2620 have not been thoroughly characterized in adults with DS. We aim at illustrating feasibility and potential diagnostic value of tau PET imaging with [F]PI-2620 for the diagnosis of DS-AD.

Vesicular glutamate release is necessary for neural tube formation.

The brain and spinal cord originate from a neural tube that is preceded by a flat structure known as the neural plate during early embryogenesis. In humans, failure of the neural plate to convert into a tube by the fourth week of pregnancy leads to neural tube defects (NTDs), birth defects with serious neurological consequences. The signaling mechanisms governing the process of neural tube morphogenesis are unclear.

[Access to and Transitions within the Medical Care Process of Persons with Down Syndrome and Dementia: A Qualitative Analysis].

Compared to the general population, individuals with Down syndrome carry a much higher genetic risk of developing early onset Alzheimer's dementia. This leads to unique challenges and the need for a targeted patient journey.In a qualitative interview study with medical professionals, patient organisations and formal and informal care persons, we assessed barriers within the medical care process of this patient group as well as current approaches to overcome these problems.

Measurement properties of the German version of the Cambridge examination for mental disorders of older people with Down syndrome and others with intellectual disabilities (CAMDEX-DS).

Background: The CAMDEX-DS is an instrument to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Down syndrome consisting of an informant interview and a cognitive test battery (CAMCOG-DS). Measurement properties of the German CAMDEX-DS were investigated.

Method: Fifty-five adults with Down syndrome (19-58 years) participated in this observational study.

Pragmatic algorithm for visual assessment of 4-Repeat tauopathies in [F]PI-2620 PET Scans.

Aim: Standardized evaluation of [F]PI-2620 tau-PET scans in 4R-tauopathies represents an unmet need in clinical practice. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of visual evaluation of [F]PI-2620 images for diagnosing 4R-tauopathies and to develop a straight-forward reading algorithm to improve objectivity and data reproducibility.

Methods: A total of 83 individuals with [F]PI-2620 PET scans were included.

Prospective Multicenter Evaluation of the MDS "Suggestive of PSP" Diagnostic Criteria.

Background: The recent Movement Disorders Society (MDS)-progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) diagnostic criteria conceptualized three clinical diagnostic certainty levels: "suggestive of PSP" for sensitive early diagnosis based on subtle clinical signs, "possible PSP" balancing sensitivity and specificity, and "probable PSP" highly specific for PSP pathology.

Objective: The aim of this study was to prospectively validate the criteria against long-term clinical follow-up and characterize the diagnostic certainty increase over time.

Methods: Patients with "possible PSP" or "suggestive of PSP" diagnosis and clinical follow-up were recruited in two German multicenter longitudinal observational studies (ProPSP and DescribePSP).

Diagnostic Efficacy of Iodo-Metaiodobenzylguanidine SPECT/CT in Cardiac vs. Neurological Diseases: A Comparative Study of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and α-Synucleinopathies.

: Iodo-metaiodobenzylguanidine single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (I-MIBG SPECT/CT) is used to evaluate the cardiac sympathetic nervous system in cardiac diseases such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's diseases. A common feature of these diseases is denervation. We aimed to compare quantitative and semi-quantitative cardiac sympathetic innervation using I-MIBG imaging of ARVC and α-synucleinopathies.

Addressing inter individual variability in CSF levels of brain derived proteins across neurodegenerative diseases.

Accurate diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases require reliable biomarkers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins are promising candidates for reflecting brain pathology; however, their diagnostic utility may be compromised by natural variability between individuals, weakening their association with disease. Here, we measured the levels of 69 pre-selected proteins in cerebrospinal fluid using antibody-based suspension bead array technology in a multi-disease cohort of 499 individuals with neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, primary progressive aphasias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), corticobasal syndrome, primary supranuclear palsy, along with healthy controls.

Is the use of abduction pillows crucial for post-operative rehabilitation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty?

Background: Surgeons often use abduction pillows after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA), but evidence for their benefits is limited. This study compares outcomes for patients using a sling with or without an abduction pillow post-operatively.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients undergoing primary rTSA.

Coronal plane deformity in total knee arthroplasty is associated with increased operative time and disposition to skilled nursing facility.

Purpose: Studies demonstrate similar long-term Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes in patients with significant versus minimal preoperative coronal plane deformity. Limited short-term outcomes data, which determine costs of care, exist.

Methods: We retrospectively explored the impact of preoperative coronal plane deformity on operative time, length of stay (LOS), and discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF) in TKA.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy in trauma patients with grade IV-V duodenal or pancreatic injuries: a post hoc analysis of an EAST multicenter trial.

Introduction: The utility of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for high-grade traumatic injuries remains unclear and data surrounding its use are limited. We hypothesized that PD does not result in improved outcomes when compared with non-PD surgical management of grade IV-V pancreaticoduodenal injuries.

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter analysis from 35 level 1 trauma centers from January 2010 to December 2020.

A Machine Learning Prediction Model for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Procedure Duration - An Evaluation of Surgeon, Patient, And Shoulder-Specific Factors.

Background: Operating room (OR) efficiency is of paramount importance for scheduling, cost efficiency and to allow for the high operating volume required to address the growing demand for arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning predictive model for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) procedure duration and to identify factors which are predictive of a prolonged procedure.

Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of all TSA between 2013-2021 in a large academic institution.

Characterization of peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) in a broad spectrum of neurological disorders.

Objective: Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) have been identified in ophthalmological and neurological diseases. Since PHOMS were found more frequently in these cohorts compared to healthy controls, it is assumed that the presence of PHOMS reflects a secondary disease marker of unknown significance. The extent to which disease-specific differences are reflected in PHOMS has not yet been sufficiently investigated.

Artificial intelligence-based rapid brain volumetry substantially improves differential diagnosis in dementia.

Introduction: This study evaluates the clinical value of a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) system that performs rapid brain volumetry with automatic lobe segmentation and age- and sex-adjusted percentile comparisons.

Methods: Fifty-five patients-17 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 18 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 20 healthy controls-underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans. Two board-certified neuroradiologists (BCNR), two board-certified radiologists (BCR), and three radiology residents (RR) assessed the scans twice: first without AI support and then with AI assistance.

Public Knowledge and Perception of Outpatient Shoulder Arthroplasty.

There is a growing trend in performing outpatient total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The purpose of this study was to analyze the public perception of outpatient TSA by querying a validated online market research platform regarding the public's knowledge, expectations, and beliefs on outpatient TSA. One thousand eighty respondents completed the survey in 2021.

Upcoding Linked To Up To Two-Thirds Of Growth In Highest-Intensity Hospital Discharges In 5 States, 2011-19.

Diagnosis-based payment systems can create incentives to upcode patients to a higher level of severity to increase payment. In some instances, upcoding can be a form of fraud if providers code patients to a higher complexity than is appropriate, whereas in other instances, upcoding can accurately reflect patient acuity. We estimated the increase in Medicare Severity Diagnosis-Related Group (MS-DRG) upcoding during the period 2011-19, using all-payer discharge-level data from five states.

Self-Management Intervention for Reducing Epilepsy Burden Among Adult Ugandans with Epilepsy (SMART-U): Randomised Clinical Trial Protocol.

Background: People of all ages are affected by epilepsy, a prevalent chronic brain illness that is primarily found in underdeveloped nations. It is very necessary to implement epilepsy self-management techniques to support individuals with epilepsy in order to impact outcomes related to epilepsy. The purpose of this 2-site randomised controlled experiment is to investigate this further, based on encouraging preliminary evidence.

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HIV community leaders, health-care providers, and scientists has led to the development of a multidimensional response strategy to protect and enhance brain health in people ageing with HIV that spans across public health, clinical spaces, and research spaces.

Sample size estimates for biomarker-based outcome measures in clinical trials in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD)-modifying therapies are approved for treatment of early-symptomatic AD. Autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) provides a unique opportunity to test therapies in presymptomatic individuals.

Methods: Using data from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), sample sizes for clinical trials were estimated for various cognitive, imaging, and CSF outcomes.

Aβ status assessment in a hypothetical scenario prior to treatment with disease-modifying therapies: Evidence from 10-year real-world experience at university memory clinics.

Introduction: With the advent of disease-modifying therapies, accurate assessment of biomarkers indicating the presence of disease-associated amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology becomes crucial in patients with clinically suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD). We evaluated Aβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid (Aβ CSF) and Aβ levels in positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) biomarkers in a real-world memory-clinic setting to develop an efficient algorithm for clinical use.

Methods: Patients were evaluated for AD-related Aβ pathology from two independent cohorts (Ludwig Maximilian University [LMU],  = 402, and Medical University of Vienna [MUV],  = 144).

Neuronal and oligodendroglial, but not astroglial, tau translates to in vivo tau PET signals in individuals with primary tauopathies.

Tau PET has attracted increasing interest as an imaging biomarker for 4-repeat (4R)-tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, the translation of in vitro 4R-tau binding to in vivo tau PET signals is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a translational study using a broad spectrum of advanced methodologies to investigate the sources of [F]PI-2620 tau PET signals in individuals with 4R-tauopathies, including a pilot PET autopsy study in patients.

A Review of Job Assignments and Asbestos Workplace Exposure Measurements for TAWP Mesothelioma Deaths Through 2011.

Introduction: Asbestos workers have a higher risk of developing mesothelioma; however, few studies have looked at specific jobs and job locations within asbestos factories. The purpose of this study was to investigate asbestos exposure in different job locations of the Tyler, Texas asbestos plant to determine if there was a relationship between the duration of exposure and air fiber concentration burden in workers who developed pleural versus peritoneal mesothelioma.

Methods: This study used a patient information database to compile secondary data on 23 workers who died from mesothelioma through 2011.