Publications by authors named "LEVIN H"
Article Synopsis
- HIV-1 integration primarily occurs in actively transcribed genes, influenced by the interaction of the viral integrase with the host chromatin factor LEDGF.
- LEDGF is found enriched at the transcription start sites of active genes and plays a significant role in recruiting RNA Pol II, indicating its involvement in enhancing transcription.
- The study suggests a dual role for LEDGF, where it is initially anchored to gene promoters through MLL1 and then facilitates HIV-1 integration across gene bodies, with implications for understanding specific leukemia types related to LEDGF function.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to use standardized and automated CT assessments to predict outcomes for patients who suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
- Involving 140 unconscious patients, results showed that while qualitative assessments and various gray-white-matter ratio (GWR) models achieved 100% specificity in predicting poor outcomes, sensitivity rates varied, with automated GWR proving robust.
- The research concluded that these CT assessment methods could reliably indicate poor functional outcomes, and automated GWR could enhance accessibility for medical centers handling cardiac arrest cases.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total-tau in predicting neurological outcomes in patients who suffered cardiac arrest, comparing these biomarkers with neurofilament light (NFL) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE).
- - Conducted in three Swedish hospitals between 2014 and 2018, researchers examined blood samples from 428 cardiac arrest patients at various times post-arrest, finding that GFAP was a strong predictor of poor neurological outcomes at multiple time points.
- - Results indicated that while GFAP and tau show promise as biomarkers, NFL demonstrated equal or superior predictive capabilities compared to GFAP and tau after both out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrests. Additionally
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated the effectiveness of highly malignant EEG patterns (HMEP) in predicting poor neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest, following 2021 guidelines from the ERC and ESICM.
- In a multicenter trial involving 845 patients, HMEP showed 50% sensitivity and 93% specificity for poor outcomes, with an increase in specificity to 97% when combined with an unresponsive EEG.
- The findings indicate that while the specificity of these EEG patterns is high, it's less than previously reported, suggesting a need for cautious application in clinical settings due to potential biases affecting results.
Article Synopsis
- International guidelines suggest keeping body temperature below 37.8 °C for unconscious patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but targeting 33 °C may yield better results for patients with a nonshockable rhythm.
- The study aimed to determine if inducing hypothermia at 33 °C leads to higher survival rates and better functional outcomes compared to maintaining normal body temperature (normothermia).
- Data was gathered from two clinical trials involving unconscious OHCA patients with nonshockable rhythms, comparing those treated with hypothermia versus normothermia for a minimum of 24 hours, analyzing various factors influencing outcomes.*
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the effectiveness of the 2021 ERC/ESICM neuroprognostication algorithm, expanding the entry criteria to include unconscious patients with Glasgow Coma Scale-Motor (GCS-M) scores of 4-5 and those under sedation.
- Conducted as a retrospective observational study across four ICUs in Sweden, it analyzed outcomes for postcardiac arrest patients treated between 2014 and 2018.
- Results showed that modifying the algorithm allowed for the identification of additional patients with poor outcomes, with a consistent false positive rate of 0% across various criteria assessments.
Article Synopsis
- The conference on "Transposable Elements at the Crossroads of Evolution, Health and Disease" took place in Whistler, Canada, from September 3-6, 2023, organized by experts Kathleen Burns, Harmit Malik, and Irina Arkhipova.
- It focused on the diverse interactions of transposable elements (TEs) with host organisms, exploring their potential to disrupt genes and promote evolutionary changes through novel gene products and functions.
- The event featured six plenary sessions, two workshops, 50 talks, and poster sessions, covering both normal and pathological roles of TEs, as well as strategies to manage their activity through various scientific approaches.
Article Synopsis
- The TTM2 trial found no significant difference in mortality or poor functional outcomes between targeted hypothermia and targeted normothermia 6 months after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
- A detailed analysis aimed to assess brain dysfunction and cognitive function in survivors, focusing on societal participation after OHCA.
- This study involved 1861 comatose adults across 61 hospitals in 14 countries, with follow-up conducted by masked assessors showing no differences in functional outcomes between the two temperature control methods.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to investigate serum proteome profiles of unconscious patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to understand the biological effects of hypoxia-ischaemia and temperature management on neurological outcomes.
- Researchers analyzed serum samples at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-cardiac arrest using mass spectrometry to identify protein changes linked to patient outcomes at a six-month follow-up.
- Results showed that out of 78 patients, many had poor neurological outcomes, with specific proteins associated with either poor or good recovery, indicating potential paths for further research and therapy development.
Purpose Of Review: The aim of this study was to update visual outcomes, microbial spectrum and complications in eyes with endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.
Recent Findings: A single-institution, retrospective review of eyes treated for endophthalmitis following cataract surgery between 2 January 2014 and 10 January 2017. This study included 112 cases of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery, 58 of which were culture-positive (51.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the effectiveness of neurofilament light (NfL) levels in predicting long-term outcomes in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) within the first 48 hours.* -
- Results showed that 68% of OHCA patients and 55% of IHCA patients experienced poor outcomes, with NfL exhibiting high prognostic accuracy at 12 and 48 hours post-OHCA (AUROC of 0.93 and 0.97), but lower accuracy for IHCA (AUROC of 0.81 and 0.86).* -
- The findings suggest NfL levels can reliably indicate outcomes as early
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military populations can cause disruptions in brain structure and function, along with cognitive and psychological dysfunction. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can detect alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure, but few studies have examined brain asymmetry. Examining asymmetry in large samples may increase sensitivity to detect heterogeneous areas of WM alteration in mild TBI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aims: To evaluate the likelihood of germline mutation in patients presenting with solitary retinoblastoma based on tumour location at first examination.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of solitary unilateral retinoblastoma for likelihood of germline mutation (family history of retinoblastoma and/or genetic testing indicating germline mutation and/or development of additional new or bilateral tumours) based on tumur location at presentation (macular vs extramacular).
Results: Of 480 consecutive patients with solitary retinoblastoma, 85 were in the macula (18%) and 395 were extramacular (82%).
Article Synopsis
- - Transposable elements (TEs) may increase the risk of neuropsychiatric diseases as they are active in neuronal cells, but traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) typically overlook these structural variants.
- - In a study involving 17,000 polymorphic TEs, researchers found 76 that are linked to disease haplotypes identified by GWAS, suggesting a connection between TEs and neuropsychiatric conditions.
- - Among these, 10 specific TE insertions showed potential regulatory effects on gene expression in human neural stem cells, indicating they could play a causal role in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
BACKGROUND: The evidence for temperature control for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest is inconclusive. Controversy exists as to whether the effects of hypothermia differ per the circumstances of the cardiac arrest or patient characteristics. METHODS: An individual patient data meta-analysis of the Targeted Temperature Management at 33°C versus 36°C after Cardiac Arrest (TTM) and Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trials was conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmotional Resilience Predicts Preserved White Matter Microstructure Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging
February 2024
Background: Adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) exhibit distinct phenotypes of emotional and cognitive functioning identified by latent profile analysis of clinical neuropsychological assessments. When discerned early after injury, these latent clinical profiles have been found to improve prediction of long-term outcomes from mTBI. The present study hypothesized that white matter (WM) microstructure is better preserved in an emotionally resilient mTBI phenotype compared with a neuropsychiatrically distressed mTBI phenotype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are difficult to measure in longitudinal cohort studies, because disparate pre-injury characteristics and injury mechanisms produce variable impairment profiles and recovery trajectories. In preparation for the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) study, which followed patients with injuries ranging from uncomplicated mild TBI to coma, we designed a multi-dimensional Flexible outcome Assessment Battery (FAB). The FAB relies on a decision-making algorithm that assigns participants to a Comprehensive (CAB) or Abbreviated Assessment Battery (AAB) and guides test selection across all phases of recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel Psychiatric Disorder 6 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
April 2023
Objective: To investigate the factors predictive of novel psychiatric disorders in the interval 0-6 months following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods: Children ages 5-14 years consecutively hospitalized for mild to severe TBI at five hospitals were recruited. Participants were evaluated at baseline (soon after injury) for pre-injury characteristics including psychiatric disorders, socioeconomic status (SES), psychosocial adversity, family function, family psychiatric history, and adaptive function.
Retroviruses and long terminal repeat retrotransposons rely on integrase (IN) to insert their complementary DNA (cDNA) into the genome of host cells. Nevertheless, in the absence of IN, retroelements can retain notable levels of insertion activity. We have characterized the IN-independent pathway of Tf1 and found that insertion sites had homology to the primers of reverse transcription, which form single-stranded DNAs at the termini of the cDNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Scientists are studying blood markers that can help doctors understand how serious a brain injury is after someone has a cardiac arrest (when the heart stops).
- They are doing tests to find out which blood marker is the best at predicting how well a person will recover after six months.
- The goal is to set clear rules for doctors to follow so they can use these markers in everyday medical care to help patients better.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) literature on single-center studies contains conflicting results regarding acute effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on white matter (WM) microstructure and the prognostic significance. This larger-scale multi-center DTI study aimed to determine how acute mTBI affects WM microstructure over time and how early WM changes affect long-term outcome. From Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI), a cohort study at 11 United States level 1 trauma centers, a total of 391 patients with acute mTBI ages 17 to 60 years were included and studied at two weeks and six months post-injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study investigates whether specific sensory phenotypes related to balance issues exist in individuals with chronic mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and examines their clinical characteristics and injury mechanisms.
- Using data from 758 Service Members and Veterans with mTBI and 172 without, researchers found significant differences in symptoms and functioning based on sensory phenotypes, with many mTBI individuals showing abnormalities in visual, vestibular, and proprioception ratios.
- Results indicate that those with mTBI generally experience worse symptoms than non-mTBI individuals within the same sensory phenotype, highlighting the need for more targeted treatment approaches in mTBI-related balance issues.
Introduction: Cardiac arrest is characterized depending on location as in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Strategies for Post Cardiac Arrest Care were developed based on evidence from OHCA. The aim of this study was to compare characteristics and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care after IHCA and OHCA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel Oppositional Defiant Disorder 12 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci
May 2022
Objective: The investigators examined the factors predictive of novel oppositional defiant disorder in the 6-12 months following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods: Children ages 5-14 years old who experienced a TBI were recruited from consecutive admissions to five hospitals. Participants were evaluated soon after injury (baseline) for preinjury characteristics, including psychiatric disorders, adaptive function, family function, psychosocial adversity, family psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, and injury severity, to develop a biopsychosocial predictive model for development of novel oppositional defiant disorder.