Modulation of the Plasma Lipidomic Profile in Piglets Fed Polar Lipid-Rich Diets.

Polar lipids from dairy are novel sources of energy that may replace other dietary lipids and impact plasma lipidomic profiles in piglets. This study evaluated the impact of feeding diets rich in polar lipids on the plasma lipidome of piglets during the weaning period. Weaned male piglets ( = 240; 21 days of age; 6.

Trajectories of hospital service use in the last 12months of life by people with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine group-based trajectories of hospital service use by people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the last 12months of life.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using hospital admission and mortality data in New South Wales, Australia. Individuals aged ≥18years who were hospitalised during 2014-2021 and who died during 2015-2021 were included.

Unveiling the Uncommon: A Case Report of Horner's Syndrome as a Rare Glimpse Into Giant Cell Arteritis.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory vasculitis affecting large and medium-sized arteries, leading to complications such as arterial dissection, blindness, and stroke. Rarely, GCA presents with Horner's syndrome due to sympathetic neuron involvement from arterial inflammation. This case report discusses an 82-year-old female with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and arthritis who presented with a 24 h history of right eye ptosis, blurred vision, dizziness, and aching eye pain.

Quantitative radiography for determining density fluctuations in HED experiments.

We have developed a method to extract density fluctuation measurements from x-ray radiographs of high-energy density (HED) instability growth and turbulence experiments. We use this information to calculate density fluctuation statistics for constraining the performance of turbulent mix models in HED systems. The density calculation combines image filtering, removal of systemic effects such as backlighter variation, calculation of transmission across multiple materials, and use of tracer materials to generate an approximate single-material density field.

A glucocorticoid spike derails muscle repair to heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury.

Why severe injury to the central nervous system (CNS) triggers the development of large neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) within periarticular muscles remains unknown. We report that spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a rapid corticosterone spike in mice, which is causal for NHO development because treatments with corticosterone or the synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) agonist dexamethasone are sufficient to trigger heterotopic ossification and upregulate the expression of osteoinductive and osteogenic differentiation genes in injured muscles even without SCI. The central role for GR signaling in causing NHO is further demonstrated in mice deleted for the GR gene (Nr3c1), which no longer develop NHO after SCI.

Impact of Medical Trainees on Efficiency and Productivity in the Emergency Department: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

Introduction: Effective medical education must balance clinical service demands for institutions and learning needs of trainees. The question of whether these are competing demands or can serve complementary roles has profound impacts on graduate medical education, ranging from funding decisions to the willingness of community-based hospitals and physicians to include learners at their clinical sites. Our objective in this article was to systematically review the evidence on the impact of medical trainees on productivity and efficiency in the emergency department (ED).

COVID-19 research response to immediate demands: setting priorities with key stakeholders to enable health services research in NSW, Australia.

Purpose: COVID-19 has caused unprecedented disruption to health systems. There is much to be gained by capturing what was learned from changes and adaptations made by health services and systems. The Ministry of Health in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, sought to prioritise health services research (HSR) to address critical issues arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Developing community resilience in the face of COVID-19: case study from the Estrie region, Canada.

The COVID-19 pandemic undeniably impacted population health and several aspects of community organization, including service delivery and social cohesion. Intersectoral collaboration and equity, two key dimensions of community resilience, proved central to an effective and equitable response to the pandemic. Yet the factors that enabled or constrained communities' capacity to enact intersectoral collaboration and equity-focused action in such times of urgency and uncertainty remain poorly understood.

High-throughput low-cost digital lickometer system for the assessment of licking behaviours in mice.

Background: Proper hydration is essential for maintaining health and supports various biological processes, including temperature regulation, immune function, nutrient delivery, and organ function. Visual assessment has traditionally been used to quantify liquid intake, although technological advances in optical and electrical sensors now offer higher accuracy and larger potential for automatic operation with millisecond precision and individual lick resolution.

New Method: We describe an inexpensive electronic sensor board to monitor mouse licking behavior.

Low latency optical-based mode tracking with machine learning deployed on FPGAs on a tokamak.

Active feedback control in magnetic confinement fusion devices is desirable to mitigate plasma instabilities and enable robust operation. Optical high-speed cameras provide a powerful, non-invasive diagnostic and can be suitable for these applications. In this study, we process high-speed camera data, at rates exceeding 100 kfps, on in situ field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware to track magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mode evolution and generate control signals in real time.

Neural network denoising of x-ray images from high-energy-density experiments.

Noise is a consistent problem for x-ray transmission images of High-Energy-Density (HED) experiments because it can significantly affect the accuracy of inferring quantitative physical properties from these images. We consider experiments that use x-ray area backlighting to image a thin layer of opaque material within a physics package to observe its hydrodynamic evolution. The spatial variance of the x-ray transmission across the system due to changing opacity serves as an analog for measuring density in this evolving layer.

Factors affecting 12-month unplanned readmissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: the effect of mental disorders in an Australian cohort.

Background: Many individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience frequent hospitalization and readmissions, which is burdensome on the health system. This study aims to investigate factors associated with unplanned readmissions and mortality following a COPD-related hospitalization over a 12-month period in Australia, focusing on mental disorders and accounting for the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using linked hospitalization and mortality records identified individuals aged ≥40 years who had at least one hospital admission with a principal diagnosis of COPD between 2014 and 2020 in New South Wales, Australia.

Health economic analysis of polygenic risk score use in primary prevention of coronary artery disease - A system dynamics model.

Background: Primary prevention programs utilising traditional risk scores fail to identify all individuals who suffer acute cardiovascular events. We aimed to model the impact and cost effectiveness of incorporating a Polygenic risk scores (PRS) into the cardiovascular disease CVD primary prevention program in Australia, using a whole-of-system model.

Methods: System dynamics models, encompassing acute and chronic CVD care in the Australian healthcare setting, assessing the cost-effectiveness of incorporating a CAD-PRS in the primary prevention setting.

Eco-efficiency as a prioritization tool in the reduction of food waste in restaurants.

Striving towards eco-efficiency means creating more value while generating a product or service with a reduced environmental impact. This quest makes it possible to link objectives associated with both the environmental and the economic pillars of sustainable development. Eco-efficiency could therefore be an interesting tool to evaluate the impacts of food waste (FW) and the potential of various food waste reduction strategies (FWRSs).

Implementation of large, multi-site hospital interventions: a realist evaluation of strategies for developing capability.

Background: This study presents guidelines for implementation distilled from the findings of a realist evaluation. The setting was local health districts in New South Wales, Australia that implemented three clinical improvement initiatives as part of a state-wide program. We focussed on implementation strategies designed to develop health professionals' capability to deliver value-based care initiatives for multisite programs.

Autophagy prevents graft failure during murine graft-versus-host disease.

Autophagy is an intracellular survival process that has established roles in the long-term survival and function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). We investigated the contribution of autophagy to HSC fitness during allogeneic transplantation and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We demonstrate in vitro that both tumor necrosis factor and IL-1β, major components of GVHD cytokine storm, synergistically promote autophagy in both HSC and their more mature hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC).

Canadian dentists' awareness and views on early childhood caries and its prevention and management.

Introduction: The Canadian Dental Association (CDA) recommends children visit a dentist within 6 months of the eruption of their first tooth or by 12 months of age. The aim of this study was to investigate Canadian dentists' awareness and views on early childhood caries (ECC) and its prevention and management.

Methods: This study analyzed a subset of questions relating to dentists' knowledge of ECC and prevention strategies, from a national survey of general and pediatric dentists, commissioned by the CDA in 2013.

Impact of mental disorders on unplanned readmissions for congestive heart failure patients: a population-level study.

Aims: Reducing preventable hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF) patients is a challenge for health systems worldwide. CHF patients who also have a recent or ongoing mental disorder may have worse health outcomes compared with CHF patients with no mental disorders. This study examined the impact of mental disorders on 28 day unplanned readmissions of CHF patients.

Oncostatin M: Dual Regulator of the Skeletal and Hematopoietic Systems.

Purpose Of The Review: The bone and hematopoietic tissues coemerge during development and are functionally intertwined throughout mammalian life. Oncostatin M (OSM) is an inflammatory cytokine of the interleukin-6 family produced by osteoblasts, bone marrow macrophages, and neutrophils. OSM acts via two heterodimeric receptors comprising GP130 with either an OSM receptor (OSMR) or a leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR).

Four System Enablers of Large-System Transformation in Health Care: A Mixed Methods Realist Evaluation.

Unlabelled: Policy Points The implementation of large-scale health care interventions relies on a shared vision, commitment to change, coordination across sites, and a spanning of siloed knowledge. Enablers of the system should include building an authorizing environment; providing relevant, meaningful, transparent, and timely data; designating and distributing leadership and decision making; and fostering the emergence of a learning culture. Attention to these four enablers can set up a positive feedback loop to foster positive change that can protect against the loss of key staff, the presence of lone disruptors, and the enervating effects of uncertainty.

A fully-flexible and thermally adjustable implantable neural probe with a U-turn polyester microchannel.

This work presents a fully flexible implantable neural probe fabricated with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and including a thermally-tunable stiffness microchannel filled with Polyester. The probe includes an optimized microfluidics mixer for drug delivery. Polyester, which is solid at room temperature and has a low melting point close to body temperature, is used to decrease the stiffness of the probe after insertion, after getting in contact with tissues.

Audit and feedback to reduce unwarranted clinical variation at scale: a realist study of implementation strategy mechanisms.

Background: Unwarranted clinical variation in hospital care includes the underuse, overuse, or misuse of services. Audit and feedback is a common strategy to reduce unwarranted variation, but its effectiveness varies widely across contexts. We aimed to identify implementation strategies, mechanisms, and contextual circumstances contributing to the impact of audit and feedback on unwarranted clinical variation.