Where are we with fractionation schedules and prescriptions in high-dose-rate 3D planning vaginal cuff brachytherapy?

Purpose: Currently, there are many schedules for exclusive vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VCB). In 3D treatment planning for VCB dosimetry, parameters have not been analyzed. The aim of this study was to compare the most common schedules using dose-volume histogram metrics.

Outcomes Using High KDPI Kidneys in Recipients Over 65 y of Age.

Background: Kidney transplantation has been shown to improve life expectancy when compared with remaining on dialysis. However, there is an ever-expanding shortage of available organs for transplantation. The use of high kidney donor profile index (KDPI; >85) kidneys is 1 strategy to address this shortage.

Mechanochemistry for Organic and Inorganic Synthesis.

In recent years, mechanochemistry has become an innovative and sustainable alternative to traditional solvent-based synthesis. Mechanochemistry rapidly expanded across a wide range of chemistry fields, including diverse organic compounds and active pharmaceutical ingredients, coordination compounds, organometallic complexes, main group frameworks, and technologically relevant materials. This Review aims to highlight recent advancements and accomplishments in mechanochemistry, underscoring its potential as a viable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional solution-based methods in the field of synthetic chemistry.

Cell differentiation controls iron assimilation in a choanoflagellate.

Marine microeukaryotes have evolved diverse cellular features that link their life histories to surrounding environments. How those dynamic life histories intersect with the ecological functions of microeukaryotes remains a frontier to understand their roles in essential biogeochemical cycles. Choanoflagellates, phagotrophs that cycle nutrients through filter feeding, provide models to explore this intersection, for many choanoflagellate species transition between life history stages by differentiating into distinct cell types.

Catechol/-benzoquinone exchange at gold(iii).

Although gold(iii) chemistry has tremendously progressed in the past 2 decades, gold(iii) catecholate complexes remain extremely scarce and underdeveloped. Upon preparation and full characterization of P^C-cyclometalated gold(iii) complexes, we serendipitously uncovered an intriguing catechol exchange process at gold(iii). Electron-rich catecholates turned out to be readily displaced by electron-poor -benzoquinones.

A critical review of model construction and performance for nowcast systems for faecal contamination in recreational beaches.

Faecal contamination is a widespread environmental and public health problem on recreational beaches around the world. The implementation of predictive models has been recommended by the World Health Organization as a complement to traditional monitoring to assist decision-makers and reduce health risks. Despite several advances that have been made in the modeling of faecal coliforms, tools and algorithms from machine learning are still scarcely used in the field and their implementation in nowcast systems is delayed.

The use of artificial neural networks in studying the progression of glaucoma.

In ophthalmology, artificial intelligence methods show great promise due to their potential to enhance clinical observations with predictive capabilities and support physicians in diagnosing and treating patients. This paper focuses on modelling glaucoma evolution because it requires early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and lifelong monitoring. Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive, irreversible, multifactorial optic neuropathy that primarily affects elderly individuals.

Comparative Genomics Supports Ecologically Induced Selection as a Putative Driver of Banded Penguin Diversification.

The relative importance of genetic drift and local adaptation in facilitating speciation remains unclear. This is particularly true for seabirds, which can disperse over large geographic distances, providing opportunities for intermittent gene flow among distant colonies that span the temperature and salinity gradients of the oceans. Here, we delve into the genomic basis of adaptation and speciation of banded penguins, Galápagos (Spheniscus mendiculus), Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti), Magellanic (Spheniscus magellanicus), and African penguins (Spheniscus demersus), by analyzing 114 genomes from the main 16 breeding colonies.

The Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloid mitragynine: Analysis of adrenergic α receptor activity in vitro and in vivo.

Mitragynine, an alkaloid present in the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), has a complex pharmacology that includes low efficacy agonism at μ-opioid receptors (MORs). This study examined the activity of mitragynine at adrenergic α receptors (AαRs) in vitro and in vivo. Mitragynine displaced a radiolabeled AαR antagonist ([H]RX821002) from human AαRs in vitro with lower affinity (K = 1260 nM) than the agonists (-)-epinephrine (K = 263 nM) or lofexidine (K = 7.

HIV vulnerabilities and psychosocial health among young transgender women in Lima, Peru: results from a bio-behavioural survey.

Introduction: Peruvian young transgender women (YTW) ages 16-24 years are a critical but understudied group for primary HIV prevention efforts, due to sharp increases in HIV prevalence among TW ages 25 years and older.

Methods: Between February and July 2022, a cross-sectional quantitative study with YTW ages 16-24 years in Peru (N = 211) was conducted consisting of a bio-behavioural survey accompanied by laboratory-based testing for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Bivariate and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios between socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics and HIV status.

History of Diversification and Adaptation from North to South Revealed by Genomic Data: Guanacos from the Desert to Sub-Antarctica.

The increased availability of quality genomic data has greatly improved the scope and resolution of our understanding of the recent evolutionary history of wild species adapted to extreme environments and their susceptibility to anthropogenic impacts. The guanaco (Lama guanicoe), the largest wild ungulate in South America, is a good example. The guanaco is well adapted to a wide range of habitats, including the Sechura Desert, the high Andes Mountains to the north, and the extreme temperatures and conditions of Navarino Island to the south.

Synthesis and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Halogenated Flavones.

Small molecule neurotransmitters containing amines are metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the nervous system. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are a valuable class of drugs prescribed for the management of neurological disorders, including depression. A series of halogenated flavonoids similar to the dietary flavonoid acacetin were designed as selective MAO-B inhibitors.

Migraine treatment consensus document of the Spanish Society of Neurology (SEN), Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC), Society of Primary Care Medicine (SEMERGEN) and Spanish Association of Migraine and Headache (AEMICE) on migraine treatment.

Migraine is a disease with a high prevalence and incidence, in addition to being highly disabling, causing a great impact on the patient's quality of life at a personal, family and work level, but also social, given its high expense due to its direct (care) and indirect (presenteeism and work absenteeism) costs. The multiple and recent developments in its pathophysiological knowledge and in its therapy require updating and, therefore, in this article the Spanish scientific societies most involved in its study and treatment (SEN, SEMFYC and SEMERGEN), together with the Association Spanish Association for Patients with Migraine and other Headaches (AEMICE), we have developed these updated care recommendations. We reviewed the treatment of migraine attacks, which consisted mainly of the use of NSAIDs and triptans, to which ditans and gepants have been added.

Rapid Detection of Measles Virus Using Reverse Transcriptase/Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a and a Lateral Flow Detection: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

The measles virus is highly contagious, and efforts to simplify its diagnosis are essential. A reverse transcriptase/recombinase polymerase amplification assay coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a and an immunochromatographic lateral flow detection (RT-RPA-CRISPR-LFD) was developed for the simple visual detection of measles virus. The assay was performed in less than 1 h at an optimal temperature of 42 °C.

Effectiveness of Postoperative Single-shot and Continuous Transverse Abdominis Plane Block Compared to Conventional Analgesia in Hand-assisted Laparoscopic Live-donor Nephrectomy.

Background: Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block in patients undergoing hand-assisted laparoscopic live-donor nephrectomy (HALN). We aimed to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of TAP block as part of a multimodal pain management regimen in patients undergoing HALN.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of living kidney donors at our center between June 2016 and February 2020.

Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of PRV-101, a multivalent vaccine targeting coxsackie B viruses (CVBs) associated with type 1 diabetes: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled Phase I trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Infection with coxsackie B viruses (CVBs) can cause diseases ranging from mild common cold-type symptoms to severe life-threatening conditions. CVB infections are considered to be prime candidates for environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes. This, together with the significant disease burden of acute CVB infections and their association with chronic diseases other than diabetes, has prompted the development of human CVB vaccines.

Associations between personality and psychological characteristics and cognitive outcomes among older adults.

Prior research has shown that some personality traits are associated with cognitive outcomes and may confirm risk or protection against cognitive decline. The present study expands on previous work to examine the association between a more comprehensive set of psychological characteristics and cognitive performance in a diverse cohort of older adults. We also examine whether controlling for brain atrophy influences the association between psychological characteristics and cognitive function.

Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Induces Acinar-to-Ductal Cell Transdifferentiation and Pancreatic Cancer Initiation Via LAMA5/ITGA4 Axis.

Background & Aims: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by desmoplastic stroma surrounding most tumors. Activated stromal fibroblasts, namely cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), play a major role in PDAC progression. We analyzed whether CAFs influence acinar cells and impact PDAC initiation, that is, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM).

Scientific production in biodiversity: the gender gap continues in Brazilian universities.

Scientometrics enables us to comprehend the interests and trends in scientific knowledge production and dissemination. In this study, we evaluate the effects of gender, academic experience, location of residence, and graduate program score on the quantity of published articles, the number of citations and the H-index of researchers belonging to Brazilian graduate programs in Biodiversity. Variables related to the researchers were measured, and the relevance in explaining scientific production was examined using hierarchical models.

Therapeutics to Treat Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: A Promising Perspective from Algerian Traditional Medicine.

Ancient people sought out drugs in nature to prevent, cure, and treat their diseases, including mental illnesses. Plants were their primary source for meeting their healthcare needs. In Algeria, folk medicine remains a fundamental part of the local intangible knowledge.

Preparation, Aromaticity, and Bromination of Spiro Iridafurans.

Iridium centers of [Ir(μ-Cl)(CH)] () activate the C(sp)-H bond of benzylideneacetone to give [Ir(μ-Cl){κ--[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}] (), which is the starting point for the preparation of the spiro iridafurans IrCl{κ--[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}(PPr) (), [Ir{κ--[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}(MeCN)]BF (), [Ir(μ-OH){κ--[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}] (), Ir{κ--[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}{κ--[CMeH-py]} (), and Ir{κ--[C(Ph)CHC(Me)O]}{κ--[acac]} (). The five-membered rings are orthogonally arranged with the oxygen atoms in in an octahedral environment of the iridium atom. Spiro iridafurans are aromatic.

Self-reported mid- to late-life physical and recreational activities: Associations with late-life cognition.

Objective: Physical and recreational activities are behaviors that may modify risk of late-life cognitive decline. We sought to examine the role of retrospectively self-reported midlife (age 40) physical and recreational activity engagement - and self-reported change in these activities from age 40 to initial study visit - in predicting late-life cognition.

Method: Data were obtained from 898 participants in a longitudinal study of cognitive aging in demographically and cognitively diverse older adults (Age: range = 49-93 years, = 75, SD = 7.

Effects of Installing Different Types of Cooling Fins on the Cold Side of a Thermoelectric Power Generation Device on the Thermal Efficiency and Exergy Efficiency of Power Cable Surface Waste Heat Recovery.

This study investigates the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of a thermoelectric power generation device for recovering power cable surface waste heat. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the impact of different types of cooling fins on the system's performance. The results demonstrate that the installation of cooling fins improves heat transfer efficiency and enhances the thermoelectric power generation device's output power.

Device implantation complicated by a retrosternal goiter.

Central venous obstruction in the cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) population is commonly due to thrombosis and fibrosis secondary to the passage of pre-existing leads. However, vein occlusion before CIED implantation is uncommon, and one cause is retrosternal goiters. We report a case where the failure of the initial implantation of a primary CIED led to an unusual implantation route without goiter excision.