Single-Molecule Imaging Reveals Rapid Estradiol Action on the Surface Movement of AMPA Receptors in Live Neurons.

Gonadal steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) exerts rapid, non-genomic effects on neurons and strictly regulates learning and memory through altering glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. However, its non-genomic effects on AMPARs are not well understood. Here, we analyzed the rapid effect of E2 on AMPARs using single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging techniques.

Rapid non-classical effects of steroids on the membrane receptor dynamics and downstream signaling in neurons.

Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Although rapid effects of steroid hormones on membrane receptors and intracellular signaling molecules have been extensively studied in neurons, we are only beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms behind these non-classical steroid actions. Single molecule tracking (SMT) studies on live cells demonstrated that surface trafficking of membrane receptors determines their ligand binding properties and downstream signaling events.

Akt/protein B and estradiol receptor alpha expressions in postmenopausal endometrium.

Objective: Estrogen receptor interacts in several types of cells with phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway regulating cell survival and apoptosis. No data are available of the Akt/PKB signaling and its role in the endometrial homeostasis of the postmenopausal uterus. The aim of the present investigation was to study the Akt/protein kinase B signaling in tissue samples retrieved from postmenopausal endometrium of the human uterus with parallel observation of the changes of the expression and phosphorylation of ERalpha.

Involvement of FKHR (FOXO1) transcription factor in human uterus leiomyoma growth.

Objective: To study the expression of FOXO1 and pSer256-FOXO1 parallel to Akt and pSer473-Akt in leiomyoma compared with adjacent myometrium from human uteri.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University departments.

Effect of estrogen and inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase on Akt and FOXO1 in rat uterus.

The importance of FOXO transcription factors in regulating different aspects of cellular homeostasis and apoptosis has become apparent. Akt/protein kinase B has been shown to phosphorylate and inactivate members of FOXO family of transcription factors. Akt and its upstream regulator, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) are involved in rapid action of estrogen (E2) in different cells and tissues.

Juvenile hormone III influences task-specific cuticular hydrocarbon profile changes in the ant Myrmicaria eumenoides.

We investigated the influence of juvenile hormones (JH) on the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) and the division of labor in colonies of the African ant Myrmicaria eumenoides. CHCs have long been implicated in nestmate recognition in social insect colonies. In M.

Phosphorylation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten) protein is enhanced in human fibromyomatous uteri.

PTEN phosphatase, a product of PTEN tumor suppressor gene, exists in cells in phosphorylated and unphosphorylated form and has a central role in regulation of PI3K/Akt signalling which is involved in non-genomic action of estradiol. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of total PTEN and phosphoPTEN parallel to phosphoAkt in leiomyoma and adjacent myometrium during menstrual cycle and at menopause. The expression of total PTEN in leiomyoma and myometrium did not change throughout the experiments.

Expression and activation of Akt/protein kinase B in sexually immature and mature rat uterus.

This study investigated the expression and activation of Akt/PKB in developing and adult rat uterus. Expression of Akt was observed in uteri from adult ovariectomized and 7-35-day-old rats and no changes were observed in response to in vivo estradiol treatment (1-100 microg/100g b.w.

Effect of estradiol on expression and activation of Akt protein in rat hypothalamus exposed to chronic [D-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalinamide treatment.

Adult ovariectomized rats were implanted with [D-Met2, Pro5]-enkephalinamide (ENK)-containing osmotic minipumps. Two hours prior to sacrifice, some animals were treated with estradiol-17beta (E2) at a dose 10 microg/100 g bodyweight (BW). Expression and activation of Akt proteins, nuclear [3H]estradiol binding, and the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) and of progesterone receptor (PR) were investigated.

Differential expression of Akt/protein kinase B, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in human leiomyoma and myometrium.

The expression and activation of serine/threonine protein kinase, Akt, in leiomyoma and in adjacent myometrium of human uteri was studied parallel with the changes of Bcl-2, Bax proteins, estrogen and progesterone receptors during menstrual cycle and early stage of the menopause. Abundant expression of Akt protein was detected in the studied tissues during menstrual cycle, the rate of increase was higher in leiomyoma than in corresponding myometrium. The expression of estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor and of Bcl-2 protein changed parallel with that of Akt protein.