Erratum: Subacute brainstem ischemic syndrome in juvenile neurofibromatosis type 2: An under-recognized condition.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6686.

Subacute brainstem ischemic syndrome in juvenile neurofibromatosis type 2: An underrecognized condition.

We report the case of a teenager with a neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) presenting a locked-in syndrome due to a brainstem ischemic syndrome. The presence of sudden or rapidly worsening onset of neurological deficits in NF2 patients, should evoke this underknown entity and not only tumors as predisposed by NF2.

Cytarabine-Induced Encephalitis.

: Central nervous system adverse effects of cytarabine treatment include aseptic meningitis, myelopathy, and more rarely, encephalopathy, seizures, and cerebellar dysfunction. This case illustrates a cytarabine-induced encephalitis with predominant cerebellar involvement.

Retroperitoneal Lympathic Malformations as First Presentation of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

This case highlights the extrapulmonary lymphatic abnormalities that may be associated with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Juvenile-Onset Diabetes and Congenital Cataract: "Double-Gene" Mutations Mimicking a Syndromic Diabetes Presentation.

Monogenic forms of diabetes may account for 1-5% of all cases of diabetes, and may occur in the context of syndromic presentations. We investigated the case of a girl affected by insulin-dependent diabetes, diagnosed at 6 years old, associated with congenital cataract. Her consanguineous parents and her four other siblings did not have diabetes or cataract, suggesting a recessive syndrome.

Development and validation of a molecular size distribution method for polysaccharide vaccines.

Determination of the molecular size distribution of vaccine products by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to refractive index detection is important during the manufacturing process. Partial elution of high molecular weight compounds in the void volume of the chromatographic column is responsible for variation in the results obtained with a reference method using a TSK G5000PWXL chromatographic column. GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines has developed an alternative method relying on the selection of a different chromatographic column with a wider separation range and the generation of a dextran calibration curve to determine the optimal molecular weight cut-off values for all tested products.

Prospects of personalized medicine in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the dominant cause of death worldwide. In the last decades, the remarkable advances in human genetic and genomic research, plus the now common use of genome-wide association studies, have led to the identification of numerous genetic variants associated with specific cardiovascular traits and diseases. Although the clinical applications are limited because the genetic risk of common cardiovascular disease is still unexplained, and the mechanisms of action of the genetic factor(s) are not known, these research advances have, in turn, widely opened the concept of personalized medicine.

An asymmetric and slightly dimerized structure for the tetanus toxoid protein used in glycoconjugate vaccines.

Tetanus toxoid protein has been characterized with regard oligomeric state and hydrodynamic (low-resolution) shape, important parameters with regard its use in glycoconjugate vaccines. From sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge tetanus toxoid protein is shown to be mostly monomeric in solution (~86%) with approximately 14% dimer. The relative proportions do not appear to change significantly with concentration, suggesting the two components are not in reversible equilibrium.

Solution properties of capsular polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Capsular polysaccharides from ten different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae have been studied with regards their hydrodynamic properties in solution, namely their sedimentation coefficient and molar mass distributions, solution conformations and flexibilities (persistence lengths Lp), important properties for the construction of polysaccharide and glycoconjugate vaccines. Sedimentation and molar mass distributions (obtained by sedimentation velocity and equilibrium analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge supported by size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle light scattering measurements) were generally unimodal, with weight (mass) average molar masses ranging from 100×10(3) to 1300×10(3) g/mol. Estimates of chain flexibilities from three different procedures applied to intrinsic viscosity, sedimentation coefficient and molar mass data, showed that the polysaccharides from all the serotypes studied had semi-flexible structures in solution with persistence lengths in the range from ∼4 to 9 nm.

Chest pain of cardiac and noncardiac origin.

Chest pain is one of the most common symptoms driving patients to a physician's office or the hospital's emergency department. In approximately half of the cases, chest pain is of cardiac origin, either ischemic cardiac or nonischemic cardiac disease. The other half is due to noncardiac causes, primarily esophageal disorder.

[Controlling blood pressure: how well are we doing?].

The author analyses global prevalence of arterial pressure and its impact on population mortality and disability, draws attention to insufficient efficacy of this disease treatment, low awareness of the population about this disease and compliance of the patients. To achieve target arterial pressure, cooperation is necessary between the physician and the patient.

Low birth weight and blood pressure.

Evidence supporting the association of normal and pathologically elevated blood pressure with low birth weight is presented and discussed in this article because of the overwhelming global prevalence of hypertension and its impact on individuals and nations. The findings provide strong impetus for the medical and public health communities to consider the concept of the "developmental origins of health and disease" in developing approaches to address the growing burden of hypertension worldwide.

Do sleep disorders have an impact on blood pressure?

In this article, the relationship, perhaps interdependence, between sleep-disordered breathing, hypertension, and obesity is discussed. There is strong evidence that sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension are related. On the one hand, the prevalence of hypertension increases with the number of apnea-hypopnea episodes per hour of sleep, whereas on the other hand, treating sleep-disordered breathing reduces hypertension.

Can prevention of hypertension work?

In this article, the clinical trials that have most effectively demonstrated the effectiveness of hypertension nonpharmacologic prevention interventions are presented and discussed. Thus, data from weight reduction, dietary interventions, and lifestyle modifications are shown and discussed. It is concluded that these interventions lead to control of hypertension either by themselves or in association with pharmacologic interventions.

Clinical practice and recent recommendations in hypertension management--reporting a gap in a global survey of 1259 primary care physicians in 17 countries.

Objective: High blood pressure (BP) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Effective antihypertensive pharmacotherapy is available but recognition and proper management of hypertension and BP goal achievement is still poor. Therefore, it was hypothesized that physicians' attitude towards high BP, as well as patients' perception and knowledge, may influence actual management of hypertension.

GINA guidelines on asthma and beyond.

Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements designed to help practitioners and patients make decisions regarding the appropriate health care for specific circumstances. Guidelines are based on the scientific evidence on therapeutic interventions. The first asthma guidelines were published in the mid 1980s when asthma became a recognized public health problem in many countries.