[Comparative Evaluation of Healing Wounds at a Local and Combined Radiation Injury in an Experiment].

Wound healing activity of 20 different means of conservative treatment of radiation burns was studies in the experiments on the rats subjected to local β-radiation (at a dose of 60 Gy) and combined radiation damage (β-radiation at a dose of 60 Gy and the whole-body γ-irradiation at a dose of 4 Gy). It was found that reparative processes in the irradiated,skin in the case of the local radiation injuries are most effectively accelerated by ointments Biopin, Panthenol-Ratiopharm, IL-1β and Iruksol; Dimexidum solution; aerosols Olazol, Gipozol and Polkortolon; wound coverings Procell-super and Selenopol. Ointments containing IL-1β, Dimexidum solution, aerosols and wound coverings have a healing effect in the case of combined radiation injury.

[Radiomitigators: prospects for use in medical radiation protection].

Prospects of creation and use of radiomitigators--the treatment-and-prophylactic means intended for rendering medical care by the victim of influence of ionizing radiation in the earliest terms after irradiation (hours, days) are presented. It is shown that the most effective radiomitigators are found among natural biopolymers of a microbic origin (a vaccine from bacteria of enterotyphus group, preparations of lipopolysaccharide or protein-polysaccharide components of these microbes). Very perspective such preparations as desoxinate, translame and flagellin are represented.

[Prospects of the use of radioprotectors for improvement of anti-radiation medicine in the Armed Forces].

rThe author presented review of foreign and domestic literature concerning the problem of researching of new types of radioprotectors. The most effective radioprotectors are non-androgen steroids, organic compounds of protein, organic and chemical antioxidants. The methods of local delivery of radioprotectors to bioplast are under development.

[The experimental evaluation of influence of exogenous melatonin on the genetic damage induced by radiation exposure].

It is shown in experiments on the rats subjected to gamma-radiation at various doses that preventive introduction of exogenous melatonin reduces the quantity ofchromosomal aberrations in cells ofbone marrow and decreases the expression of oxidative stress. After introduction of melatonin, the activity of leucocytes in peripheral blood and proliferation activity of splenocytes increase, which can play a role in the mechanisms for the genoprotective effect of the studied medication.

[Experimental estimation of application efficacy of wound coverings as a means of conservative therapy of local radiation burns formed at combined radiation injures].

The study was aimed at experimental evaluating the efficacy of experimental wound collagen coverings "Sangvikol", "Gemasept", "Kolotsil" and "Biatravm" for treatment of deep radiation burns which form at combined radiation injures. The combined radiation injures were modeled by consecutive local X-ray radiation of skin at a dose of 120 Gy and the total whole body gamma-irradiation from a source of 137Cs at a dose of4 Gy. It is established that wound collagen coverings are well modeled on a wound, absorb excess exudate, maintain optimum humidity in a wound; protect a wound from infection, and medicinal fillers contribute to the activation of reparative processes in the irradiated skin.

[Protection from radiation by selenium].

We examined acute toxicity and radioprotective activity of inorganic (calcium selenites, manganese, strontium and lanthanum) and organic selenium compounds. Results from animal experiments indicate that some of the organic selenium compounds are protective against ionizing radiation and promising as radioprotective agents. The time required to achieve the maximum radioprotective activity for selenium compounds depends on the degree of oxidation.

Experimental study of cytoprotective effect of melatonin in radiation exposure.

The effects of a synthetic analog of melatonin in doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg on the incidence of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells was studied in outbred rats exposed to single short-term γ-irradiation in doses of 2 and 4 Gy. Melatonin injected 30 min before the exposure 2-fold reduced the incidence of chromosome aberrations. Possible mechanisms of anticlastogenic effect of melatonin are discussed.

[Medical protection during radiation accidents: some results and lessons of the Chernobyl accident].

Actions of medical radiation protection of liquidators of consequences of on Chernobyl atomic power station accident are analysed. It is shown, that during the early period of the accident medical protection of liquidators was provided by administration of radioprotectors, means of prophylaxis: of radioactive iodine incorporation and agent for preventing psychological and emotional stress. When carrying out decontamination and regenerative works, preparations which action is caused by increase of nonspecific resistance of an organism were applied.

Effects of new wound dressings on healing of thermal burns of the skin in acute radiation disease.

Effects of new wound dressing bacterial cellulose impregnated with SOD and poviargol (Procel-Super and Procel-PA) and Inerpan hydrogel dressing on the reparative processes in deep dermal burns (IIIa-IIIb degree) in rats exposed to total even irradiation in a dose of 4 Gy were studied. Inerpan and Procel-Super dressings proved to be the most effective under these conditions: they accelerated healing of burn wounds by 17.0 and 5.

[Urgent problems of experimental modelling of thermal skin burns].

The review presents a critical analysis of principal benefits and shortcomings of standard experimental models of surface and deep thermal burns of the skin. Comparison of the results of experimental studies must rest on reproduction of identical traumas in series of experiments. It is important to choose animals species, burn model, exposition time and thermal agent depending on the study aim.

[Cytokines as agents for the early pathogenetic therapy of radiation injuries. Their efficacy and mechanism of action].

It has been shown in experiments with three species of laboratory animals that an early administration (during the first hours following irradiation) of human recombinant interleukins 1 alpha and 1 beta separately (to mice, rats) or in combination with antibiotic therapy (dogs) substantially increases survivability, favours a more rapid regeneration of the cellular content of the bone marrow and peripheral blood, intensifies the processes of endogenous colony formation and DNA synthesis in the bone marrow and liver and lowers the expressivity of radiation-induced endotoxemia. The significance of using cytokines in the system of remedial measures in radiation pathology is discussed.

[Radioprotective effect of lymphokinine].

It is shown that lymphokinine, cytokine complex, i. a. applied in mice (50,000 U/kg) 24 hours before the following acute of prolonged irradiation in dose LD50-85/30 increases animal survival by 30-40%.

A study of the influence of different types of radioprotectors on the survival of mice treated with ionizing radiation over a wide dose range.

The subject of this study is the influence of the preventive administration of cystamine, naphthysin, Ukrain, Lymphokinin, Prodigiosan, and polyribonate on the 30-day survival of mice subject to doses of ionizing radiation ranging from LD50/30 to LD100/30. Conventional radioprotectors were shown to prevent the death of experimental animals irradiated with doses ranging from LD70 to LD100/30 but were inefficient as a means of preventing mortality at doses with a medium lethal effect. In contrast, the bioregulators Ukrain and Lymphokinin were more potent at doses ranging from LD50 to LD70/30 (1.

[A new classification of prophylactic antiradiation agents].

A new classification has been proposed for prophylactic antiradiation drugs, which are divided into three groups: radioprotectors, stimulators of radioresistance and the means of protection from internal irradiation. Depending on organs (systems) for the protection of which they are designed, radioprotectors in their turn are subdivided into myelo-, entero- and cerebroprotectors; stimulators of radioresistance (depending on the optimal regimens of their use to develop a higher resistance of the organism) are subdivided into drugs that are effective in single and repeated (course) use; the means of protection from internal irradiation are subdivided into the drugs that prevent incorporation of radioiodine by the thyroid gland, and into the drugs preventing absorption of radionuclides in the digestive tract. The main features that distinguish radioprotectors from stimulators of radioresistance are presented.

[Change in neutrophils in liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

In result of own researches and analysis of the literature? the information about high sensitivity of neutrophils of peripheric blood to infringements of constancy of internal state of body, arising as reply to radiating influence, are received. Ionized radiation modulates greatly properties and functions of neutrophilic granulocytes, which are the most sensitive and high-modulated cells of non-specific resistance system. The changes of the functional-metabolic status of neutrophils in participants of liquidation of consequences of Chernobyl disaster have been saving during 10 years after influence of the extreme, including radiating, factors of failure.

[A new method for the comparative quantitative assessment of a radiomodifying effect].

A new criterion for the quantitative estimation of a radioprotective effect (radioprotector efficiency) is suggested. This is an integral index of protection. Biologically, this is an estimation of a proportion of animals survived, the survival rate in the experimental and control groups of exposed objects in the studied dose range.

[An experimental study of the effect of Zofran on the manifestations of a primary reaction to irradiation].

Zofran is a selective antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors which effectively prevents postradiation dyspeptic and behavioral disorders in dogs and rats. Administration of the drug normalizes intestinal absorption and propulsion activity in irradiated animals.

[Effects of adaptogenes on some indices of functional state of the body on occupational radiation exposure].

There have been presented the data of studying the body functional state of individuals being long contact with the ionizing radiation sources and assessing the effectiveness of prevention and correction of the revealed disorders with the help of adaptogenes. It is found that ordering of eleuterococcus as well as some new biologically active substances which include vitamins amino acids, organic acids, phospholipids, microelements (ammivit, Ascocept, Hianaya) for the course of treatment makes a contribution to a significant, acceleration of adaptation to the extreme factors of the professional activity of the mentioned group of individuals. It is indicated that ammivit, Ascocept and Hianaya out perform eleuterococcus.

[Effect of dalargin on healing of a bullet wound of the soft tissues in rabbits].

Reparative processes were studied by using an experimental model based on a bullet wound in the rabbit's leg soft tissue. The effect of dalargin (10 mg/kg for a 14-day course) was shown in its reducing posttraumatic edema, hemorrhages, and tissue inflammation, as well as conductive demarcation of necrosis. Dalargin was found to stimulate the proliferation of epidermal cells, the formation and transformation of granulations.

[The effect of different classes of radioprotectors on the survival of mice irradiated at a wide range of doses].

In experiments with mice three kinds of dose dependence of radioprotection efficiency were shown for different radioprotectors. Maximum protection was revealed in the ranges of LD70-100/30 for naphthyzin and cystamine, LD50-70/30 for thymogen and lymphokinin, LD70/30 for prodigiosan and polyribonate. The necessity of research of preparations which increase radioresistance in the wide range of doses is pointed.

[Experience in using plasmapheresis in comprehensive therapy of myelotoxic agranulocytosis in cancer patients].

Plasmapheresis was applied in 10 patients given chemotherapy and radiation treatment for myelotoxic agranulocytosis. After 1-3 sessions the patients improved, recovered hemopoiesis and normal protein metabolism. Of 10 patients 9 survived.