Cocreation of a conversational agent to help patients adhere to their varenicline treatment: A study protocol.

Objective: Varenicline is the most efficacious approved smoking cessation medication, making it one of the most cost-effective clinical interventions for reducing tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Adhering to varenicline is strongly associated with smoking cessation. Healthbots have the potential to help people adhere to their medications by scaling up evidence-based behavioral interventions.

Video Game to Attenuate Pandemic-Related Stress From an Equity Lens: Development and Usability Study.

Background: The emergence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has introduced additional pressures on an already fragile mental health care system due to a significant rise in depression, anxiety, and stress among Canadians. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is known to be an efficacious treatment to reduce such mental health issues, few people have access to CBT in an engaging and sustainable manner. To address this gap, a collaboration between the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) developed CBT-based self-led, online, clinician-tested modules in the form of a video game, named Legend of Evelys, and evaluated its usability in the attenuation of a COVID-19-related increase in stress.

Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation : Washington, DC, USA. 14-15 December 2015.

A1 Introduction to the 8 Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation: Optimizing Personal and Population Health David Chambers, Lisa Simpson D1 Discussion forum: Population health D&I research Felicia Hill-Briggs D2 Discussion forum: Global health D&I research Gila Neta, Cynthia Vinson D3 Discussion forum: Precision medicine and D&I research David Chambers S1 Predictors of community therapists’ use of therapy techniques in a large public mental health system Rinad Beidas, Steven Marcus, Gregory Aarons, Kimberly Hoagwood, Sonja Schoenwald, Arthur Evans, Matthew Hurford, Ronnie Rubin, Trevor Hadley, Frances Barg, Lucia Walsh, Danielle Adams, David Mandell S2 Implementing brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in primary care: Clinicians' experiences from the field Lindsey Martin, Joseph Mignogna, Juliette Mott, Natalie Hundt, Michael Kauth, Mark Kunik, Aanand Naik, Jeffrey Cully S3 Clinician competence: Natural variation, factors affecting, and effect on patient outcomes Alan McGuire, Dominique White, Tom Bartholomew, John McGrew, Lauren Luther, Angie Rollins, Michelle Salyers S4 Exploring the multifaceted nature of sustainability in community-based prevention: A mixed-method approach Brittany Cooper, Angie Funaiole S5 Theory informed behavioral health integration in primary care: Mixed methods evaluation of the implementation of routine depression and alcohol screening and assessment Julie Richards, Amy Lee, Gwen Lapham, Ryan Caldeiro, Paula Lozano, Tory Gildred, Carol Achtmeyer, Evette Ludman, Megan Addis, Larry Marx, Katharine Bradley S6 Enhancing the evidence for specialty mental health probation through a hybrid efficacy and implementation study Tonya VanDeinse, Amy Blank Wilson, Burgin Stacey, Byron Powell, Alicia Bunger, Gary Cuddeback S7 Personalizing evidence-based child mental health care within a fiscally mandated policy reform Miya Barnett, Nicole Stadnick, Lauren Brookman-Frazee, Anna Lau S8 Leveraging an existing resource for technical assistance: Community-based supervisors in public mental health Shannon Dorsey, Michael Pullmann S9 SBIRT implementation for adolescents in urban federally qualified health centers: Implementation outcomes Shannon Mitchell, Robert Schwartz, Arethusa Kirk, Kristi Dusek, Marla Oros, Colleen Hosler, Jan Gryczynski, Carolina Barbosa, Laura Dunlap, David Lounsbury, Kevin O'Grady, Barry Brown S10 PANEL: Tailoring Implementation Strategies to Context - Expert recommendations for tailoring strategies to context Laura Damschroder, Thomas Waltz, Byron Powell S11 PANEL: Tailoring Implementation Strategies to Context - Extreme facilitation: Helping challenged healthcare settings implement complex programs Mona Ritchie S12 PANEL: Tailoring Implementation Strategies to Context - Using menu-based choice tasks to obtain expert recommendations for implementing three high-priority practices in the VA Thomas Waltz S13 PANEL: The Use of Technology to Improve Efficient Monitoring of Implementation of Evidence-based Programs - Siri, rate my therapist: Using technology to automate fidelity ratings of motivational interviewing David Atkins, Zac E. Imel, Bo Xiao, Doğan Can, Panayiotis Georgiou, Shrikanth Narayanan S14 PANEL: The Use of Technology to Improve Efficient Monitoring of Implementation of Evidence-based Programs - Identifying indicators of implementation quality for computer-based ratings Cady Berkel, Carlos Gallo, Irwin Sandler, C. Hendricks Brown, Sharlene Wolchik, Anne Marie Mauricio S15 PANEL: The Use of Technology to Improve Efficient Monitoring of Implementation of Evidence-based Programs - Improving implementation of behavioral interventions by monitoring emotion in spoken speech Carlos Gallo, C.

Alexithymia and pathological gambling.

The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between alexithymia and gambling in a community sample of pathological gamblers. Pathological, problem and non-problem gamblers were recruited from the community via advertisements and completed an assessment of their gambling behavior and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Alexithymia was higher among male pathological gamblers who identified slot machines, cards, and lotteries as their primary gambling problem.

Oral transforming growth factor-alpha enhances jejunal mucosal recovery and electrical resistance in piglet rotavirus enteritis.

A randomized, investigator-masked trial determined the effects of oral recombinant human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) on jejunal mucosal recovery in 75 piglets with rotavirus diarrhea. Rotavirus inoculation of artificially reared piglets induced subtotal (approximately 50%) villus atrophy and watery diarrhea. Dietary TGF alpha was associated with significant restoration of villus surface area by 4 d postinoculation (p.

Altered jejunal potassium (Rb+) transport in piglet rotavirus enteritis.

To determine the mechanisms of K+ loss in viral diarrhea, K+ fluxes (estimated by tracer Rb+ flows) across piglet jejunum in Ussing chambers were determined. Normal jejunum was characterized by an indomethacin-sensitive short-circuit current and a small K+ secretory flow. Rotavirus-infected gut secreted K+ at high rates, probably resulting from increased prostaglandin generation because secretion was abolished by indomethacin.

Prostanoids inhibit intestinal NaCl absorption in experimental porcine cryptosporidiosis.

Background: Recent studies of piglet cryptosporidiosis have shown that impaired Na(+)-coupled glucose absorption is associated with a loss of two thirds of the villous absorptive surface and an inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria. Because inflammatory cells release eicosanoids that may alter electrolyte transport, the present study examined the role of prostanoids on NaCl transport.

Methods: Ileal mucosa was stripped of its muscle layers and mounted in Ussing chambers in the presence or absence of indomethacin.

L-glutamine with D-glucose stimulates oxidative metabolism and NaCl absorption in piglet jejunum.

To explore the relationship between intestinal fluid absorption and oxidative metabolism, we measured the effects of amino acids and glucose on piglet jejunal ion transport and oxygen consumption (QO2) in vitro. Jejunal QO2 was stimulated by L-glutamine and D-glucose but not by the nonmetabolizable organic solutes methyl beta-D-glucoside or L-phenylalanine. QO2 was maximally enhanced by the combination of D-glucose and L-glutamine (5 mM).

Effects of nursing on growth and development of small bowel mucosa in newborn piglets.

Trophic factors in natural milk are potential mediators of the rapid growth of intestine in neonates. To determine whether nursing stimulates growth and development of small bowel mucosa, litters of piglets were divided into suckled and artificially reared groups at birth. The latter animals were raised in an automated feeding device (Autosow) with an artificial diet simulating the nutritional composition of sow milk.

Protection of agammaglobulinemic piglets from porcine rotavirus infection by antibody against simian rotavirus SA-11.

Rotavirus, a double-stranded RNA virus, has been implicated as a diarrhea-provoking agent in a variety of animal species. Several previous reports have shown that immunization with a single serotype may result in increased in vitro neutralization titers against serotypes not represented in the immunogen. This study was undertaken to determine whether antibody from cows immunized against simian rotavirus strain SA-11 (which is alien to pigs) could protect neonatal piglets from infection with a North Carolina isolate of porcine rotavirus.

Copurification of bovine milk xanthine oxidase and immunoglobulin.

Xanthine oxidase, isolated from bovine milk, exhibited an A280:A450 nm ratio of 5.0. This ratio is reported to be indicative of highly purified enzyme preparations.

L-glutamine stimulates jejunal sodium and chloride absorption in pig rotavirus enteritis.

Rotavirus enteritis is the leading cause of diarrhea in infants worldwide. A research priority of the World Health Organization is to develop oral rehydration solutions containing amino acids or other additives that will stimulate intestinal absorption more efficiently than the current glucose-based oral rehydration solutions. Glutamine is the principal metabolic fuel of the small bowel and a putative stimulator of mucosal repair.

Treatment of rotavirus infection in neonate and weanling pigs using natural human interferon alpha.

Colostrum-deprived neonate piglets challenged with rotavirus and 3-week-old newly weaned piglets naturally exposed to rotavirus were treated with low doses of natural human interferon alpha (nHuIFN alpha) administered into the oral cavity or included in the liquid diet. The colostrum-deprived piglets given the highest dosage of nHuIFN alpha (50 IU/kg body weight) had lower viral excretion scores at 3 (p less than 0.11) and 4 days (p less than 0.

Development of L-glutamine-stimulated electroneutral sodium absorption in piglet jejunum.

Glutamine is the primary metabolic fuel of the small intestine. To determine the effects of glutamine on intestinal electrolyte transport, piglet (3 days to 3 wk old) jejunum was bathed in Ussing chambers in a buffer containing 10 mM serosal glucose, and the effects of different concentrations of mucosal L-glutamine and D-glucose on short-circuit current and transmucosal Na+ and Cl- transport were measured. Resting jejunum secreted Na+ and Cl- in an electrogenic manner.

Villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, cellular infiltration, and impaired glucose-Na absorption in enteric cryptosporidiosis of pigs.

Intestinal morphology and fluid and electrolyte transport were examined in a neonatal porcine model of cryptosporidiosis. Sections of jejunum, ileum, and colon were obtained for morphometric analysis on days 3, 6, 9, and 12 postinfection, and in vivo perfusion studies of jejunum and ileum were conducted on days 3 and 4 postinfection. The most severe morphologic lesion was seen in the ileum on day 3, and consisted of villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and cellular infiltration.

Purification and properties of sulfhydryl oxidase from bovine pancreas.

Immunofluorescent studies showed that antibodies prepared against bovine milk sulfhydryl oxidase reacted with acinar cells of porcine and bovine pancreas. A close inspection of the specific location within bovine pancreatic cells revealed that the zymogen granules, themselves, bound the fluorescent antibody. Bovine pancreatic tissue was homogenized in 0.

Diarrhea: the nemesis of the artificially reared, early weaned piglet and a strategy for defense.

Rearing early weaned piglets artificially for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the sow is an attractive management concept. However, high death losses resulting from diarrhea in artificially reared piglets have dampered enthusiasm for early weaning. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and rotavirus are the three main enteropathogens responsible for causing the diarrhea.

Liquid diets fed hourly to pigs weaned at 19 days of age and exposed to rotavirus (weanling diarrhea).

Five diets were tested for their capacity to promote weight gains in newly-weaned, 19-d-old, rotavirus-exposed pigs. The diets were tested under conditions designed to minimize the stress of weaning. That is, rotavirus-exposed pigs were moved at weaning to an isolation unit, caged individually and fed hourly liquid diets that were high (approximately 26%) and low in protein (approximately 11%).

Development of resistance of enterocytes to rotavirus in neonatal, agammaglobulinemic piglets.

The first part of this report describes the development of a technique for evaluating the growth of rotavirus under controlled conditions that approximate a natural infection. A standard dose of rotavirus (approximately 10(9) viral particles) was injected into ligated segments in the small intestine of newborn, agammaglobulinemic, colostrum-deprived piglets. After various periods postinoculation, the segments were retrieved and the enterocytes were evaluated for the presence of rotaviral antigens by immunofluorescence and rotaviral particles by transmission electron microscopy.

Tissue distribution of mammalian sulfhydryl oxidase.

Sulfhydryl oxidase activity is present in cow, goat, sow, human, and rat milks, and can also be measured in several rat tissues following homogenization in 1% polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether. These include lactating mammary tissue, kidney, and pancreas. Bovine kidney homogenates also exhibit sulfhydryl oxidase activity; however, no activity could be detected in rat thymus, brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung, or small intestinal tissue homogenates.

Effect of dietary regimen on rotavirus-Escherichia coli weanling diarrhea of piglets.

Previously, we induced weanling diarrhea in piglets by infecting them with rotavirus followed by hemolytic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. We postulated that rotavirus, by damaging the epithelium of the small intestines, produced an enteroenvironment which favored the selection and growth of enteropathogenic E. coli.

Dietary regimen, rotavirus, and hemolytic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in weanling diarrhea of pigs.

Previously, we induced weanling diarrhea in piglets by infecting them first with rotavirus followed by a hemolytic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. We postulated that rotavirus, by damaging the epithelium of the small intestines, produced an entero-environment which favored the selection and growth of the enteropathogenic E. coli.

Rotavirus and hemolytic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in weanling diarrhea of pigs.

Since the turn of the century, Escherichia coli has been implicated in the etiology of weanling diarrhea (colibacillosis). However, rotavirus--a virus that destroys enterocytes--has been shown recently to be causally associated with weanling diarrhea of pigs. The role of both rotavirus and hemolytic enteropathogenic E.

Rotaviral antibodies in cow's milk.

In the past, it has been reported that neonatal diets made from unheated cow's milk were superior to those made from heated cow's milk. It was observed that piglets were equally protected from rotaviral diarrhea when they were fed diets made from either unheated milk that came from a cow immunized against porcine rotavirus or from a cow that was not immunized. Because of this observation, we examined four pools of "normal" cows' colostrum and 58 samples of "normal" cow's milk for the presence of antibody to rotavirus.