Qualitative Research Leaders: Evaluation of Pilot Global Pipeline Program.

Qualitative research methods are central to understanding many public health problems. However, capacity building for qualitative research is globally skewed toward high-income countries, with a significant skills deficit in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To address this imbalance and provide a model program, we developed the Qualitative Research Leaders (QRL) program, a pipeline program to increase qualitative research capacity in LMIC institutions and foster leadership in qualitative research.

Effects of Integrated Care Approaches to Address Co-occurring Depression and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Depressive symptoms frequently co-occur with diabetes and, when unaddressed, can function to worsen diabetes control and increase the risk of diabetes-related morbidity. Integrated care (IC) approaches aim to improve outcomes among people with diabetes and depression, but there are no current meta-analyses examining their effects.

Purpose: In our study we summarize the effects of IC approaches to address depression and diabetes and examine moderating effects of IC approaches (e.

Effects of Manipulated Rainfall and Intraspecific Variation Within Dominant Species on Community Assembly: Insights From a Long-Term Grassland Restoration Experiment.

Grasslands converted to agricultural land use can be reestablished by sowing seeds of native species and temporal dynamics of diversity under altered climate can inform community assembly in the context of global change. We quantified three aspects of diversity (species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity) in restored prairie plots sown with different ecotypes of two dominant grass species and manipulated rainfall to understand the relative importance of abiotic filtering and population source of dominant species on community assembly. We also evaluated the contributions of intra- and interspecific variations in functional traits across plots sown with different ecotypes of dominant species.

Using Atrial Fibrillation Burden Trends and Machine Learning to Predict Near-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Hospitalization.

Background: Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization (CVH), which may be triggered by changes in daily burden. Machine learning of dynamic trends in atrial fibrillation burden, as measured by insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs), may be useful in predicting near-term CVH.

Methods: Using Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (2007-2019), linked with the Medtronic CareLink ICM database, we identified patients with >1 days of ICM-detected atrial fibrillation.

Integrating hypertension detection and management in HIV care in South Africa: protocol for a stepped-wedged cluster randomized effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial.

Background: HIV clinical guidelines recommend hypertension detection and management to lower cardiovascular disease risk, but these have not been effectively implemented for people living with HIV (PWH). Addressing this implementation gap requires community-engaged implementation studies focused on addressing implementation barriers specific to the HIV care context.

Methods: This protocol describes a type 2 effectiveness-implementation hybrid study conducted in nine primary care clinics in Johannesburg.

A mediation analysis evaluating change in self-stigma on diabetes outcomes among people with depression in urban India: A secondary analysis from the INDEPENDENT trial of the collaborative care model.

Self-stigma-the internalization of negative community attitudes and beliefs about a disease or condition-represents an important barrier to improving patient care outcomes for people living with common mental disorders and diabetes. Integrated behavioral healthcare interventions are recognized as evidence-based approaches to improve access to behavioral healthcare and for improving patient outcomes, including for those with comorbid diabetes, yet their impact on addressing self-stigma remains unclear. Using secondary data from the Integrating Depression and Diabetes Treatment (INDEPENDENT) study-a trial that aimed to improve diabetes outcomes for people with undertreated and comorbid depression in four urban Indian cities via the Collaborative Care Model-we longitudinally analyzed self-stigma scores and evaluated whether change in total self-stigma scores on diabetes outcomes is mediated by depressive symptom severity.

Addressing depression and comorbid health conditions through solution-focused brief therapy in an integrated care setting: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Co-occurring physical and mental health conditions are common, but effective and sustainable interventions are needed for primary care settings.

Purpose: Our paper analyzes the effectiveness of a Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) intervention for treating depression and co-occurring health conditions in primary care. We hypothesized that individuals receiving the SFBT intervention would have statistically significant reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms, systolic blood pressure (SBP), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and body mass index (BMI) when compared to those in the control group.

Understanding barriers and facilitators to integrated HIV and hypertension care in South Africa.

Background: The burden of hypertension among people with HIV is high, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, yet gaps in hypertension screening and care in these settings persist. This study aimed to identify facilitators of and barriers to hypertension screening, treatment, and management among people with HIV in primary care clinics in Johannesburg, South Africa. Additionally, different stakeholder groups were included to identify discordant perceptions.

The newborn behavioural observations system: A relationship-building intervention to support families in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Aim: Relationship-based interventions for neonatal intensive care unit families have potential to improve parent and infant outcomes; yet, their implementation has been modest within systems of care for high-risk newborns. The purpose of this paper is to describe a relationship-building intervention, the newborn behavioural observation system, summarise the evidence supporting its use, and address its clinical application for high-risk parent-infant dyads in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods: We summarise the extant literature describing the use of the newborn behavioural observation system in high-risk populations.

COVID-19 Prevention and Mitigation Decision-Making Processes While Navigating Chronic Disease Care: Perspectives of Black Adults with Heart Failure and Diabetes.

Background: Heart failure and diabetes are comorbidities that disproportionately contribute to high morbidity and mortality among Blacks. Further compounding the racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 health outcomes, Blacks with cardiometabolic diseases are at high risk of experiencing serious complications or mortality from COVID-19. This study aimed to assess how Blacks with heart failure and diabetes navigated chronic care management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Engaging Long-Term Care Workers in Research: Recruitment Approaches and Participant Characteristics From a Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence.

Objective: To describe and compare the recruitment methods employed in a randomized controlled trial targeting long-term care workers, and resulting participant baseline characteristics.

Design: We used a multifaceted recruitment process to enroll long-term care workers in our 3-arm randomized controlled trial comparing 2 interventions to enhanced usual practice, for improving COVID-19 vaccine confidence and other outcomes.

Setting And Participants: Adult long-term care workers living in the United States employed within the last 2 years were invited to join the study.

Association of collaborative care intervention features with depression and metabolic outcomes in the INDEPENDENT study: A mixed methods study.

Aims: The INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT (INDEPENDENT) trial tested a collaborative care model including electronic clinical decision support (CDS) for treating diabetes and depression in India. We aimed to assess which features of this clinically and cost-effective intervention were associated with improvements in diabetes and depression measures.

Methods: Post-hoc analysis of the INDEPENDENT trial data (189 intervention participants) was conducted to determine each intervention feature's effect: 1.

Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Integrated HIV and Hypertension Care in South Africa.

Background The burden of hypertension among people with HIV is high, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, yet gaps in hypertension screening and care in these settings persist. The objective of this study was to identify facilitators of and barriers to hypertension screening, treatment, and management among people with HIV seeking treatment in primary care clinics in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, data were collected via interviews (n = 53) with people with HIV and hypertension and clinic managers and focus group discussions (n = 9) with clinic staff.

"I was having an internal conflict with myself." COVID-19 vaccination decision-making processes among pregnant women.

Background: Vaccination serves as an efficient primary means of control for infectious diseases. However, in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women within the United States had the lowest rates of COVID-19 vaccination and reported the lowest intent to vaccinate.

Objectives: To explore the decision-making process for COVID-19 vaccination for people pregnant during the pandemic.

The Costs of Implementing a Conversation Aid for Uterine Fibroids in Multiple Health Care Settings.

Background: Health care organizations considering adopting a conversation aid (CA), a type of patient decision aid innovation, need information about the costs of implementation.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to: (1) calculate the costs of introducing a CA in a study of supported implementation in 5 gynecologic settings that manage individuals diagnosed with uterine fibroids and (2) estimate the potential costs of future clinical implementation efforts in hypothetical settings.

Research Design: We used time-driven activity-based costing to estimate the costs of CA implementation at multiple steps: integration with an electronic health record, preimplementation, implementation, and sustainability.

An knock-in allele for investigation of molting and oscillatory gene regulation.

NHR-85 is a poorly characterized nuclear hormone receptor transcription factor with an emerging role in regulating microRNA expression to control developmental timing. We generated the first NHR-85 translational fusion by knocking a cassette into the endogenous locus to tag all known isoforms. animals have wild-type broodsizes and NHR-85 ::GFP peaks in expression at the start of the L4 stage in epithelial cells.

Performance evaluation of resolution and sensitivity of C-SPECT's variable slat-stack collimator.

Background: Myocardial perfusion imaging is commonly performed using SPECT, where both general-purpose and dedicated scanners are available. A limitation with general-purpose systems has been the inability to image dynamically since different projections are obtained far apart in time due to scanner rotation. Dedicated systems can have this capability since they acquire completely sampled projections (i.

Attitudes and beliefs about sleep health among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of overweight/obese adults.

Objectives: To identify and compare how sleep-related attitudes and beliefs vary among racially and ethnically diverse adults with risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease.

Methods: This exploratory qualitative study used online focus group discussions (N = 4 groups among 17 individuals) to collect information about sleep attitudes, beliefs, and practices following participation in the Mindfulness Intervention to Improve Sleep and Reduce Diabetes Risk Among a Diverse Sample in Atlanta (MINDS) study. A rapid analyses approach was used to identify shared themes related to attitudes and beliefs about sleep health and sleep practices across participants.