Implementation of malaria vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring interventions in Nigeria.

Malaria vector surveillance is required to determine disease transmission dynamics, vector insecticide susceptibility status, suitable control strategies and impact of control interventions. However, capacity and resources for vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring is often inadequate in most countries at risk of vector-borne diseases. Collaborations and linkages between malaria control policy makers and existing research institutions generating vector surveillance research data are often weak, thereby hindering the availability of data for decision-making.

Nomophobia (no-mobile-phone phobia) among the undergraduate medical students.

Nomophobia (no-mobile-phone phobia) is the fear and anxiety of being without a mobile phone. This study pioneers the investigation of nomophobia in Afghanistan using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), addressing a crucial gap in the field. We collected statistical data from 754 undergraduate medical students, comprising men (56.

High Rates of Seroprotection to Hepatitis B After a Hepatitis B Challenge Dose in Previously Vaccinated Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Immunosuppressive Therapy.

Background: Healthy populations have high rates of sustained vaccine-induced seroprotection to hepatitis B virus, but previous studies in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have shown suboptimal seroprotection rates. A challenge dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) is recommended in previously vaccinated individuals who are seronegative to elicit an anamnestic response and determine if they are seroprotected. The aim of our study was to determine sustained seroprotection rates to hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) in patients with IBD.

A retrospective review of the short Synacthen test in Queensland hospitals.

Background: The short Synacthen test (SST) is widely used to investigate adrenal insufficiency, but it can be time-consuming, costly and labour-intensive to perform and is not without risk of adverse events.

Aim: To review SST requesting patterns and practices across public hospitals in Queensland.

Methods: The electronic medical records of patients who underwent a SST with Pathology Queensland between January 2020 and December 2020 were reviewed to collect data regarding the indication for the test, the requesting speciality, SST results and any adverse events.

Consensus Guidelines for Assessment and Comprehensive Outcomes Evaluation in Rural Pain Clinics.

Recent advancements in nurse anesthesiology fellowship training programs have helped to establish advanced pain management services for rural communities. Consensus guidelines to direct the rural provider toward the most valid and reliable measures for pain assessment and functional outcomes evaluation are not presently available. The primary aim of this initiative was to establish consensus guidelines for a comprehensive outcome evaluation program with specific time intervals for assessments that can be utilized by all rural pain clinics.

Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia in a Patient with Crohn's Disease: A Case Report and Approach to Investigating Hypophosphatemia.

Introduction: Hypophosphatemia occurs commonly in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and can cause considerable morbidity. The differential diagnoses in IBD include nutritional causes and hypophosphatemia induced by some formulations of intravenous iron infusions.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 37-year-old man with active Crohn's disease, presenting with difficulty walking and fractures of the vertebrae and calcaneus.

Gut Microbiota and Other Factors Associated With Increased Regulatory T Cells in Hiv-exposed Uninfected Infants.

HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) have higher infectious morbidity than HIV-unexposed infants (HUU). HEU have multiple immune defects of unknown origin. We hypothesized that HEU have higher regulatory T cells (Treg) than HUU, which may dampen their immune defenses against pathogens.

Association of Sputum Eosinophilia With Easily Measured Type-2 Inflammatory Biomarkers in Untreated Mild Persistent Asthma.

Background: A multicenter clinical trial in patients with mild persistent asthma indicated that response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is limited to those with sputum eosinophilia. However, testing for sputum eosinophilia is impractical in most clinical settings.

Objective: We examined associations between sputum eosinophilia and type 2 inflammatory biomarkers in untreated mild persistent asthma.

Longitudinal Follow-Up of Participants With Tobacco Exposure and Preserved Spirometry.

Importance: People who smoked cigarettes may experience respiratory symptoms without spirometric airflow obstruction. These individuals are typically excluded from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) trials and lack evidence-based therapies.

Objective: To define the natural history of persons with tobacco exposure and preserved spirometry (TEPS) and symptoms (symptomatic TEPS).

Congenital malformations and preeclampsia associated with integrase inhibitor use in pregnancy: A single-center analysis.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) decreases perinatal HIV transmission, but concerns exist regarding maternal and infant safety. We compared the incidence of congenital malformations and other adverse outcomes in pregnancies exposed to integrase inhibitor (INSTI) versus non-INSTI ART.

Setting: Single-site review of all pregnancies among women living with HIV between 2008 and 2018.

Modern antiretroviral regimens in pregnant women: virologic outcomes and durability.

Objectives: Data are lacking on the virologic efficacy and durability of modern antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens during pregnancy. We compared virologic outcomes at delivery among women receiving dolutegravir versus other ART and the rate of change of the initial pregnancy regimen.

Design: Single-site retrospective cohort between 2009 and 2019.

Questions in Mild Asthma: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.

Patients with mild asthma are believed to represent the majority of patients with asthma. Disease-associated risks such as exacerbations, lung function decline, and death have been understudied in this patient population. There have been no prior efforts from major societies to describe research needs in mild asthma.

COVID-19 vaccination in adults with inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population, and most are not at increased risk for severe disease. COVID-19 is nonetheless common, and vaccination is critical. Four safe and efficacious vaccines are now available for the prevention of COVID-19, with most data available for mRNA vaccines.

Sex Differences in Early Weight Loss Success During a Diabetes Prevention Intervention.

Males often lose more weight than females during treatment, and early weight loss predicts weight loss longer-term. Yet, mechanisms for sex differences in early weight loss are unknown and were examined in this study. Adults≥21 years old with overweight or obesity and prediabetes (N=206) participated in a lifestyle intervention and completed baseline psychosocial questionnaires.

Physician self-identified race and opioid prescription practices in upper extremity injuries in the pediatric emergency department.

Background: Minority children have been shown to receive fewer opioid analgesics for acute pain.

Objective: Assess if both White and non-White physicians prescribe fewer opioids to non-White children presenting to the pediatric emergency department (PED) with upper extremity (UE) fractures.

Methods: Patients with acute UE fractures were evaluated.

Racial and incident discrepancies in news media reporting of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID).

Background: Regardless of injury prevention and outreach efforts, there continue to be low rates of adherence with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) safe sleep recommendations. Media is an important tool for parental education and may influence risk perception and caregiver choices. Due to media reports potentially serving as an opportunity for shaping social norms, caregiver education and injury prevention, an evaluation was undertaken to evaluate Georgia local news reporting of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) as compared to drownings, homicides, and firearm injuries.

Promoting the Success and Sustainability of Coordinated Specialty Care Teams in Ohio.

Recent COVID-19-related federal legislation has resulted in time-limited increases in Mental Health Block Grant (MHBG) set-aside dollars for coordinated specialty care (CSC) throughout the United States. The state of Ohio has opted to apply these funds to establish a learning health network of Ohio CSC teams, promote efforts to expand access to CSC, and quantify the operating costs and rates of reimbursement from private and public payers for these CSC teams. These efforts may provide other states with a model through which they can apply increased MHBG funds to support the success of their own CSC programs.

Advantageous comparison: using Twitter responses to understand similarities between cybercriminals ("Yahoo Boys") and politicians ("Yahoo men").

This article is about the manifestations of similarities between two seemingly distinct groups of Nigerians: cybercriminals and politicians. Which linguistic strategies do Twitter users use to express their opinions on cybercriminals and politicians? The study undertakes a qualitative analysis of 'engaged' tweets of an elite law enforcement agency in West Africa. We analyzed and coded over 100,000 'engaged' tweets based on a component of mechanisms of moral disengagement (i.

Hijab or Niqab Interacts with Facemasks Usage at Healthcare Settings in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Multi-Center Observational Study.

We aimed to understand the extent of facemask usage resulting from the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in an Afghan context. In Afghanistan, new COVID-19 variants, low vaccination rates, political turmoil, and poverty interact not only with the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic but also with facemask usage. We collected data ( = 1970) by visually observing the usage and type of facemasks used among visitors entering healthcare facilities in Kabul.

Cortisol and cardiometabolic disease: a target for advancing health equity.

Stress, in both intrinsic psychosocial and extrinsic physical environmental forms, can impact the development of, and outcomes in, cardiovascular disease (CVD) through allostatic load. Cortisol is a core hormonal mediator of allostatic load produced in response to various stresses. Alterations in morning serum cortisol and daily diurnal cortisol have been associated with adiposity, dyslipidemia, incident diabetes, and CVDs such as hypertension.

Bronchodilators in Tobacco-Exposed Persons with Symptoms and Preserved Lung Function.

Background: Many persons with a history of smoking tobacco have clinically significant respiratory symptoms despite an absence of airflow obstruction as assessed by spirometry. They are often treated with medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but supporting evidence for this treatment is lacking.

Methods: We randomly assigned persons who had a tobacco-smoking history of at least 10 pack-years, respiratory symptoms as defined by a COPD Assessment Test score of at least 10 (scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating worse symptoms), and preserved lung function on spirometry (ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV] to forced vital capacity [FVC] ≥0.