Efficient synthesis of thieno[3,2-b:4,5-b']diindoles and benzothieno[3,2-b]indoles by Pd-catalyzed site-selective C-C and C-N coupling reactions.

Heteroacenes (thieno[3,2-b:4,5-b']diindoles and benzothieno[3,2-b]indoles) were efficiently synthesized from tetrabromothiophene and 2,3-dibromobenzothiophene in two steps, respectively. In the first step, a site-selective Pd-catalyzed C-C coupling is carried out, followed by a two-fold C-N coupling with aromatic and aliphatic amines.

Open globe ocular trauma: functional outcome of eyes with no light perception at initial presentation.

Purpose: To evaluate characteristics and prognostic factors for functional success in eyes that present with no light perception (NLP) after open globe trauma.

Methods: The medical records of all subjects presenting to a single university referral center with visual acuity (VA) of NLP after sustaining an open globe eye injury from January 1, 2001, through June 30, 2010, were retrospectively analyzed to determine epidemiologic and clinical factors associated with visual outcomes.

Results: Of the 73 NLP eyes (73 patients) that underwent primary repair and were included in the study, final VA was 20/100 in 1 eye (1%), counting fingers in 2 eyes (3%), hand motion in 9 eyes (12%), light perception in 5 eyes (7%), and NLP in 56 eyes (77%).

Catalytic trimerization of bis-silylated diazomethane.

(Me(3)Si)(2)CNN isomerizes upon addition of traces of [Me(3)Si](+) ions to give (Me(3)Si)(2)NNC, which then undergoes an unusual trimerization reaction to give exclusively 4-diazenyl-3-hydrazinylpyrazole. As catalyst the isonitrilium ion, [(Me(3)Si)(2)NNC(SiMe(3))](+), was identified and fully characterized. Experiments and computations indicate a three-step reaction including isomerization of diazomethane, a C-C or N-C coupling, and a formal cycloaddition reaction.

A 10-year review of assault-related open-globe injuries at an urban hospital.

Background: To describe the demographics and outcomes of assault-related open-globe injuries (OGI) at University Hospital (UH), Newark, New Jersey over a ten-year period.

Methods: The medical records of all subjects presenting to a single university referral center with an OGI were retrospectively analyzed to identify prognostic factors for enucleation and final visual acuity (VA) of no light perception (NLP).

Results: One hundred and forty-eight eyes of 147 patients presented to UH with assault-related OGI.

2-Fluoro-5-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)pyridine.

In the title compound, C(11)H(7)F(2)N, the fluoro-benzene and the 2-fluoro-pyridine rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 37.93 (5)°. In the crystal, only van der Waals inter-actions occur.

5-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-2-fluoro-pyridine.

In the title compound, C(11)H(7)ClFN, the chloro-benzene and 2-fluoro-pyridine rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 38.83 (5)°. In the crystal, there are no hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Familial pancreatic cancer--current knowledge.

Familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) describes families with at least two first-degree relatives with confirmed exocrine pancreatic cancer that do not fulfil the criteria of other inherited tumour syndromes with increased risks of pancreatic cancer, such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, hereditary pancreatitis, and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The inheritance of FPC is mostly autosomal dominant and with a heterogeneous phenotype. The major gene defect is yet to be identified, although germline mutations in BRCA2, PALB2 and ATM are causative in some FPC families.

Methyl 4',5-dichloro-2-hy-droxy-4,6-dimethyl-biphenyl-3-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C(16)H(14)Cl(2)O(3), the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two benzene rings is 55.30 (5)°. The methyl ester group lies within the ring plane due to an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond [maximum deviation from the C(8)O(2) mean plane is 0.

Partial pancreaticoduodenectomy can provide cure for duodenal gastrinoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) versus non-PD resections for the treatment of gastrinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Background: Gastrinoma in MEN1 is considered a rarely curable disease and its management is highly controversial both for timing and extent of surgery.

Methods: Clinical characteristics, complications and outcomes of 27 prospectively collected MEN1 patients with biochemically proven gastrinoma, who underwent surgery, were analyzed with special regard to the gastrinoma type and the initial operative procedure.

Blood testosterone in middle aged males heavily exposed to endocrine disruptors is decreasing more with HCB and p,p'-DDE related to BMI and lipids, but not with Σ15PCBs.

Objective: This work was aimed to evaluate the fundamental relations between the blood levels of testosterone (TEST) and persistent organochlorinated pollutants (POPs) related to body mass index (BMI) and blood lipids in a cohort of heavily exposed males from Eastern Slovakia.

Methods: In 429 middle aged (41-55 years) males heavily exposed to POPs the levels of 15 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (Σ15PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiethyl-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the total testosterone (TEST) by electrochemiluminiscent immunoassay.

Results: After classifying the values of BMI, TEST, HCB, p,p'-DDE, and Σ15PCBs in quintiles and evaluating mutual interrelations of individual quintile counts in pairs of variables with chi-square, statistically significant interrelation was found for BMI/TEST (<0.

A simple and safe anastomosis for pancreatogastrostomy using one binding purse-string and two transfixing mattress sutures.

Pancreatic anastomotic leakage remains a persistent problem after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), especially in the presence of a soft, nonfibrotic pancreas. A modified technique for pancreatogastrostomy was devised, which combines one binding purse-string and two transfixing mattress sutures between the pancreatic stump and the posterior gastric wall. This technique was applied in 35 patients after PD for malignant and benign diseases of whom 10 (28.

A novel anticancer diterpenoid from Jatropha gossypifolia.

Jatropha gossypifolia root bark is used in ethnomedicine for bacterial infections and cancer of the lungs. Phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation and characterization of a potent anticancer and novel lathyrane diterpenoid compound, abiodone, with an unusual methylene group. The structure of this novel compound was established by 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic experiments a nd confirmed by X-ray analysis.

Hashimoto encephalopathy: a rare intricate syndrome.

Recently, several patients have been reported with various signs of encephalopathy and high thyroid antibody levels together with good responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy. Despite the various clinical presentations, these cases have been termed "Hashimoto encephalopathy" (HE). Although all of the pathogenic components have not yet been clearly elucidated, it is believed that brain vasculitis and autoimmunity directed against common brain-thyroid antigens represent the most likely etiologic pathway.

The use of feedback in education: a complex instructional strategy.

The use of feedback to improve students' academic performance involves complex instructional strategies. There are a number of instructional problems within these strategies that may be overlooked. These include the influence of emotional responses, interactions between teacher and student, and levels of cognitive processing involved.

Efficient [5 + 1]-strategy for the assembly of 1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-ones by domino amination/conjugate addition reactions of 1-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ones with amines.

A facile synthetic approach for the synthesis of 1,8-naphthyridine-4(1H)-one derivatives via a catalyst free and Pd-supported tandem amination sequence is developed and described. In a case of aliphatic amines reaction proceeds in a catalyst free mode, however anilines demand Pd-supported reaction conditions.

Site-Selective Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira Cross Coupling Reactions of the Bis(triflate) of 2,4'-Bis(hydroxy)diphenyl Sulfone.

Described is the synthesis of novel arylated and alkynylated 2,4'-diphenyl sulfones based on what are, to the best of our knowledge, the first palladium(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of bis(triflates) of 2,4'-bis(hydroxy)diphenyl sulfone. The reactions proceed with very good site-selectivity.

Modified hemi-Lothrop procedure for supraorbital ethmoid lesion access.

The supraorbital ethmoid (SOE) cell is an accessory ethmoid cell in the frontal area that extends into and pneumatizes superolaterally along the orbital plate of the frontal bone. The outflow pathway of the SOE cell can become obstructed, leading to an SOE mucocele. Given their lateral location, SOE lesions are traditionally treated through external approaches, although some authors have advocated treatment through standard endoscopic routes.

Clinical impact of TP53 alterations in adrenocortical carcinomas.

Background: To evaluate the role of somatic TP53 mutations and to correlate somatic and germline mutations with results of immunostaining, a large cohort of ACC patients was analyzed.

Patients And Methods: Patients with ACC who underwent potential curative surgery at the authors' department were screened for TP53 somatic and germline mutations in exons 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 by DHPLC analysis. Aberrant samples were further analyzed by direct sequencing.

2,3-unsubstituted chromones and their enaminone precursors as versatile reagents for the synthesis of fused pyridines.

A divergent and regioselective approach to fused pyridines was developed through formal [3 + 3] cyclocondensations from simple 2,3-unsubstituted chromones or their enaminone precursors.

Silylium-arene adducts: an experimental and theoretical study.

The solvent-coordinated [Me(3)Si·arene][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] salts (arene = benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) are prepared and fully characterized. As an interesting decomposition product the formation of bissilylated fluoronium ion [Me(3)Si-F-SiMe(3)](+) was observed and even cocrystallized with [Me(3)Si·arene][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] (arene = benzene and toluene). Investigation of the degradation of [Me(3)Si·arene][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] reveals the formation of fluoronium salt [Me(3)Si-F-SiMe(3)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)], B(C(6)F(5))(3), and a reactive "C(6)F(4)" species which could be trapped with CS(2).

Ethyl 4-chloro-2'-fluoro-3-hy-droxy-5-methyl-biphenyl-2-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C(16)H(14)ClFO(3), the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two benzene rings is 71.50 (5)°. Due to an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond between the hy-droxy group and the carbonyl O atom of the ethyl ester group, the ethyl ester group lies within the ring plane.

Origin of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from atypical flat lesions: a comparative study in transgenic mice and human tissues.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its precursor lesions, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), display a ductal phenotype. However, there is evidence in genetically defined mouse models for PDAC harbouring a mutated kras under the control of a pancreas-specific promoter that ductal cancer might arise in the centroacinar-acinar region, possibly through a process of acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM). In order to further elucidate this model of PDAC development, an extensive expression analysis and molecular characterization of the putative and already established (PanIN) precursor lesions were performed in the Kras(G12D/+) ; Ptf1a-Cre(ex1/+) mouse model and in human tissues, focusing on lineage markers, developmental pathways, cell cycle regulators, apomucins, and stromal activation markers.

3-Methoxalylchromones--versatile reagents for the regioselective synthesis of functionalized 2,4'-dihydroxybenzophenones, potential UV-filters.

The reaction of 1,3-bis-silyl enol ethers with 3-methoxalylchromones affords a great variety of functionalised 2,4'-dihydroxybenzophenones. These products are formed by a domino Michael/retro-Michael/Mukaiyama-aldol reaction. The synthesized compounds are promising candidates for the synthesis of the novel UV-A/B and UV-B filters.

Outcome of surgery for primary hyperaldosteronism.

Background: Primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) frequently causes secondary hypertension and is a surgically amenable disease if associated with unilateral adenoma. Patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy at the authors' department were followed to identify clinical parameters that predict resolution of hypertension.

Methods: All patients with PHA and adrenalectomy from 1993 to 2009 were identified.