Pre-trained artificial intelligence language model represents pragmatic language variability central to autism and genetically related phenotypes.

Autism is clinically defined by challenges with social language, including difficulties offering on-topic language in a conversation. Similar differences are also seen in genetically related conditions such as fragile X syndrome (FXS), and even among those carrying autism-related genes who do not have clinical diagnoses (e.g.

ACROPath Oligometastases: The American College of Radiation Oncology Clinical Pathway.

Radiation oncology is among the most data-driven specialties in medicine. Recently, a wealth of peer-reviewed data has been published supporting the treatment of oligometastatic malignancies, demonstrating improved survival with metastasis-directed therapy, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), when combined with appropriate patient selection and treatment. However, there are currently few, if any, established guidelines that synthesize the abundance of data specific to radiotherapy into a single, easily accessed resource for clinicians.

Narrative Ability in Autism and First-Degree Relatives.

Narrative is an important communication skill for sharing personal experiences and connecting with others. Narrative skills are often impacted in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have important consequences for social interactions and relationships. Subtle differences in narrative have also been reported among first-degree relatives of autistic individuals, suggesting that narrative may also be an etiologically important language-related skill that is influenced by genes associated with ASD.

Standards for the care of people with cystic fibrosis (CF); Planning for a longer life.

This is the final of four papers updating standards for the care of people with CF. That this paper "Planning a longer life" was considered necessary, highlights how much CF care has progressed over the past decade. Several factors underpin this progress, notably increased numbers of people with CF with access to CFTR modulator therapy.

Feasibility of Encord Artificial Intelligence Annotation of Arterial Duplex Ultrasound Images.

DUS measurements for popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) specifically can be time-consuming, error-prone, and operator-dependent. To eliminate this subjectivity and provide efficient segmentation, we applied artificial intelligence (AI) to accurately delineate inner and outer lumen on DUS. DUS images were selected from a cohort of patients with PAAs from a multi-institutional platform.

Standards for the care of people with cystic fibrosis; establishing and maintaining health.

This is the second in a series of four papers updating the European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) standards for the care of people with CF. This paper focuses on establishing and maintaining health. The guidance is produced using an evidence-based framework and with wide stakeholder engagement, including people from the CF community.

A profile of prosodic speech differences in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and first-degree relatives.

Background: Impairments in prosody (e.g., intonation, stress) are among the most notable communication characteristics of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can significantly impact communicative interactions.

Is there a correlation between meatal stenosis severity, lower urinary tract symptoms and uroflowmetry?

Introduction: We have recently validated a meatal Stenosis (MS) severity grading system that is based on physical examination.

Objectives: The study objective was to examine the correlation between this grading system, patients' urinary symptoms, uroflowmetry and postvoid residual parameters.

Study Design: Patients referred for our clinic for urinary and non-urinary complaints, were prospectively enrolled.

Low correlation between serum thyroglobulin and I radioiodine whole body scintigraphy: implication for postoperative disease surveillance in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative serum thyroglobulin (Tg) as a reliable tumor marker in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Methods: Two hundred and three patients met the selection criteria of >18 years old; who had undergone total or near total thyroidectomy; had a postoperative Tg, and had undergone I pre ablation whole body scan (PA-WBS). The primary endpoint was the correlation between Tg level and functional remnant thyroid tissues.

Single shot lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer: Effective single tracer sentinel node detection protocol with reduction in procedural pain.

Purpose: Variation in protocols for axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping exists. We strive to evaluate the effectiveness of reduction in number of injections on reducing procedural pain, while maintaining nodal detection.

Methods: Over 7 years, the number of periareolar injections performed was reduced stepwise from 4 to 1.

A Longitudinal Study of Parent-Child Interactions and Language Outcomes in Fragile X Syndrome and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Difficulties with pragmatic language (i.e., language in social contexts, such as conversational ability) are a noted characteristic of the language profiles of both fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), conditions which show significant phenotypic overlap.

Efficacy of Problem-Solving Intervention to Improve Adherence in Adolescents and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Adherence to treatment by adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) is often poor.

Objectives: To assess the impact of a focused clinical intervention on adherence in individual patients, including help in problem-solving key barriers to adherence. To implement a patient-centered problem-solving intervention using CF My Way tools.

The ratio of morning cortisol to CRP prospectively predicts first-onset depression in at-risk adolescents.

Rationale: Early-onset adolescent depression is related to poor prognosis and a range of psychiatric and medical comorbidities later in life, making the identification of a priori risk factors for depression highly important. Increasingly, dysregulated levels of immune and neuroendocrine markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol, have been demonstrated as both precursors to and consequences of depression. However, longitudinal research with adolescent populations is limited and demonstrates mixed immuno-endocrine-depression links.

A Unique Visual Attention Profile Associated With the Premutation.

Atypical visual attention patterns have been observed among carriers of the fragile X mental retardation gene () premutation (PM), with some similarities to visual attention patterns observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and among clinically unaffected relatives of individuals with ASD. Patterns of visual attention could constitute biomarkers that can help to inform the neurocognitive profile of the PM, and that potentially span diagnostic boundaries. This study examined patterns of eye movement across an array of fixation measurements from three distinct eye-tracking tasks in order to investigate potentially overlapping profiles of visual attention among PM carriers, ASD parents, and parent controls.

Adding value to imaging services: a survey of patient and referring physician preferences for direct radiologic reporting of results.

Purpose: To identify preferences of patients and referring physicians for direct patient communication and notification of radiologic study results.

Methods: An anonymous survey was conducted of patients undergoing outpatient radiologic imaging studies and their referring physicians. The voluntary surveys elicited responses regarding preferences on a 5-point Likert scale (Strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree), as well as indicated by responding yes or no to specific questions.