A Dose-Response Study of Four Fixed Weight-Based Phenylephrine Dosages in Obese Cesarean Delivery Patients to Prevent Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension.

Background And Objective: Reports have suggested the use of intravenous infusion of vasopressors as an approach to prevent spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension (SAIH) in women undergoing cesarean deliveries. However, data on the suitability of this technique for obese people are limited. As such, the current experiment was designed to clarify the dose-response relationship associated with the preventive administration of phenylephrine to avoid SAIH during cesarean delivery in obese parturients under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.

Spatially exploring RNA biology in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.

The capability to spatially explore RNA biology in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues holds transformative potential for histopathology research. Here, we present pathology-compatible deterministic barcoding in tissue (Patho-DBiT) by combining in situ polyadenylation and computational innovation for spatial whole transcriptome sequencing, tailored to probe the diverse RNA species in clinically archived FFPE samples. It permits spatial co-profiling of gene expression and RNA processing, unveiling region-specific splicing isoforms, and high-sensitivity transcriptomic mapping of clinical tumor FFPE tissues stored for 5 years.

Spatially Exploring RNA Biology in Archival Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues.

Spatial transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting spatial cellular heterogeneity but as of today is largely limited to gene expression analysis. Yet, the life of RNA molecules is multifaceted and dynamic, requiring spatial profiling of different RNA species throughout the life cycle to delve into the intricate RNA biology in complex tissues. Human disease-relevant tissues are commonly preserved as formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, representing an important resource for human tissue specimens.

A dePEGylated Lipopeptide-Based Pan-Coronavirus Fusion Inhibitor Exhibits Potent and Broad-Spectrum Anti-HIV-1 Activity without Eliciting Anti-PEG Antibodies.

We previously identified a lipopeptide, EK1C4, by linking cholesterol to EK1, a pan-CoV fusion inhibitory peptide via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker, which showed potent pan-CoV fusion inhibitory activity. However, PEG can elicit antibodies to PEG in vivo, which will attenuate its antiviral activity. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a dePEGylated lipopeptide, EKL1C, by replacing the PEG linker in EK1C4 with a short peptide.

FDG PET/CT Tumor Dissemination Characteristic Predicts the Outcome of First-Line Systemic Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: To explore the correlation between the tumor dissemination characteristic at F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) images and the outcome of first-line systemic therapy for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: The current retrospective study included 101 NSCLC patients receiving first-line systemic therapy with baseline F-FDG PET/CT images available. The distance between the two lesions that were the farthest apart was defined as D to calculate the tumor dissemination.

NeRP: Implicit Neural Representation Learning With Prior Embedding for Sparsely Sampled Image Reconstruction.

Image reconstruction is an inverse problem that solves for a computational image based on sampled sensor measurement. Sparsely sampled image reconstruction poses additional challenges due to limited measurements. In this work, we propose a methodology of implicit Neural Representation learning with Prior embedding (NeRP) to reconstruct a computational image from sparsely sampled measurements.

A Five-Helix-Based SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Inhibitor Targeting Heptad Repeat 2 Domain against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants of Concern.

The prolonged duration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in the continuous emergence of variants of concern (VOC, e.g., Omicron) and variants of interest (VOI, e.

Sorafenib Plus Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy versus Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Major Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis: A Randomized Trial.

Background The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with major portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is dismal after standard treatment with sorafenib. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has been suggested for patients with HCC and major PVTT. Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of sorafenib plus 3cir-OFF HAIC versus sorafenib alone for advanced HCC with major PVTT.

Pulmonary Ventilation Maps Generated with Free-breathing Proton MRI and a Deep Convolutional Neural Network.

Background Hyperpolarized noble gas MRI helps measure lung ventilation, but clinical translation remains limited. Free-breathing proton MRI may help quantify lung function using existing MRI systems without contrast material and may assist in providing information about ventilation not visible to the eye or easily extracted with segmentation methods. Purpose To explore the use of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to generate synthetic MRI ventilation scans from free-breathing MRI (deep learning [DL] ventilation MRI)-derived specific ventilation maps as a surrogate of noble gas MRI and to validate this approach across a wide range of lung diseases.

Frequency, Predictors, Distribution, and Morphological Characteristics of Layered Culprit and Nonculprit Plaques of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: In Vivo 3-Vessel Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Background: Subclinical atherothrombosis and plaque healing may lead to rapid plaque progression. The histopathologic healed plaque has a layered appearance when imaged using optical coherence tomography. We assessed the frequency, predictors, distribution, and morphological characteristics of optical coherence tomography layered culprit and nonculprit plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Chemi-Net: A Molecular Graph Convolutional Network for Accurate Drug Property Prediction.

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies are critical for drug discovery. Conventionally, these tasks, together with other chemical property predictions, rely on domain-specific feature descriptors, or fingerprints. Following the recent success of neural networks, we developed Chemi-Net, a completely data-driven, domain knowledge-free, deep learning method for ADME property prediction.

Subversion of Systemic Glucose Metabolism as a Mechanism to Support the Growth of Leukemia Cells.

From an organismal perspective, cancer cell populations can be considered analogous to parasites that compete with the host for essential systemic resources such as glucose. Here, we employed leukemia models and human leukemia samples to document a form of adaptive homeostasis, where malignant cells alter systemic physiology through impairment of both host insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion to provide tumors with increased glucose. Mechanistically, tumor cells induce high-level production of IGFBP1 from adipose tissue to mediate insulin sensitivity.

Targeting lymphatic function as a novel therapeutic intervention for rheumatoid arthritis.

Although clinical outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have greatly improved with the use of biologic and conventional DMARDs, approximately 40% of patients do not achieve primary clinical outcomes in randomized trials, and only a small proportion achieve lasting remission. Over the past decade, studies in murine models point to the critical role of the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis and therapy of inflammatory-erosive arthritis, presumably by the removal of catabolic factors, cytokines and inflammatory cells from the inflamed synovium. Murine studies demonstrate that lymphatic drainage increases at the onset of inflammatory-erosive arthritis but, as inflammation progresses to a more chronic phase, lymphatic clearance declines and both structural and cellular changes are observed in the draining lymph node.

Topographical diversity of common skin microflora and its association with skin environment type: An observational study in Chinese women.

This study evaluated cutaneous microbial distribution, and microbial co-occurrence at different body sites and skin environments in Chinese women (39.6 ± 11.9 years, N = 100) during the winter season.

EROSION Study (Effective Anti-Thrombotic Therapy Without Stenting: Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Management in Plaque Erosion): A 1-Year Follow-Up Report.

Background: The initial EROSION study (Effective Anti-Thrombotic Therapy Without Stenting: Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Management in Plaque Erosion) demonstrated that patients with acute coronary syndrome caused by plaque erosion might be stabilized with aspirin and ticagrelor without stenting for ≤1 month. However, a long-term evaluation of outcomes is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess whether the initial benefit of noninterventional therapy for patients with acute coronary syndrome caused by plaque erosion is maintained for ≤1 year.

Low Endothelial Shear Stress Predicts Evolution to High-Risk Coronary Plaque Phenotype in the Future: A Serial Optical Coherence Tomography and Computational Fluid Dynamics Study.

Background: Low endothelial shear stress (ESS) is associated with plaque progression and vulnerability. To date, changes in plaque phenotype over time in relation to ESS have not been studied in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether local ESS can predict subsequent changes to plaque phenotype using optical coherence tomography.

Arterial Pressure, Heart Rate, and Cerebral Hemodynamics Across the Adult Life Span.

Age-related alterations in systemic and cerebral hemodynamics are not well understood. The purpose of this study is to characterize age-related alterations in beat-to-beat oscillations in arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cardiac baroreflex sensitivity, and dynamic cerebral autoregulation across the adult life span. We studied 136 healthy adults aged 21 to 80 years (60% women).