Determining the Optimal Age for Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CMOSS Randomized Trial.

Background: Previous trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for patients with carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, little evidence has focused on the effect of age on prognosis. This study aimed to explore whether EC-IC bypass surgery can provide greater benefits than medical therapy alone in specific age groups.

Releasing a sugar brake generates sweeter tomato without yield penalty.

In tomato, sugar content is highly correlated with consumer preferences, with most consumers preferring sweeter fruit. However, the sugar content of commercial varieties is generally low, as it is inversely correlated with fruit size, and growers prioritize yield over flavour quality. Here we identified two genes, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) calcium-dependent protein kinase 27 (SlCDPK27; also known as SlCPK27) and its paralogue SlCDPK26, that control fruit sugar content.

Acquired hemophilia A: a narrative review and management approach in the emicizumab era.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by inhibitory autoantibodies to factor (F)VIII. The goals of treatment are 2-fold, namely immunosuppressive therapy to eradicate the inhibitor and hemostatic management to control bleeding. Emicizumab, a bispecific antibody that acts as a FVIIIa-mimetic, has seen growing use in AHA following its approval for congenital hemophilia A.

Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 analog ecnoglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs are important therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Ecnoglutide (XW003) is a novel, long-acting GLP-1 analog. We conducted a Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolling 145 adults with T2DM.

Enhancing Water and Soil Resources Utilization via Wolfberry-Alfalfa Intercropping.

The impact of the intercropping system on the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), encompassing soil evaporation, soil moisture dynamics, and crop transpiration, remains an area of uncertainty. Field experiments were conducted for two years in conjunction with the SIMDualKc (Simulation Dual Crop Coefficient) model to simulate two planting configurations: sole-cropped wolfberry ( L.) (D) and wolfberry intercropped with alfalfa ( L.

Enhancing lower respiratory tract infection diagnosis: implementation and clinical assessment of multiplex PCR-based and hybrid capture-based targeted next-generation sequencing.

Background: Shotgun metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is widely used to detect pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). However, mNGS is complex and expensive. This study explored the feasibility of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) in distinguishing lower respiratory tract infections in clinical practice.

Bioactive Phenylpropanoid Glycosides, Dimers, and Heterodimers from the Bark of (L.) J.Presl.

Six new phenylpropanoid glycosides (-), two new phenylethanol glycosides ( and ), one new phenylmethanol glycoside (), three new phenylpropanoid dimers (-), two new phenylpropanoid-flavan-3-ol heterodimers ( and ), and six known relevant compounds (-) were isolated and identified from the well-liked edible and medicinal substance (the bark of (L.) J.Presl).

Aficamten for Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: One of the major determinants of exercise intolerance and limiting symptoms among patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an elevated intracardiac pressure resulting from left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Aficamten is an oral selective cardiac myosin inhibitor that reduces left ventricular outflow tract gradients by mitigating cardiac hypercontractility.

Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned adults with symptomatic obstructive HCM to receive aficamten (starting dose, 5 mg; maximum dose, 20 mg) or placebo for 24 weeks, with dose adjustment based on echocardiography results.

A Pseudo-Surfactant Chemical Permeation Enhancer to Treat Otitis Media via Sustained Transtympanic Delivery of Antibiotics.

Chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) represent a prevalent and safe strategy to enable noninvasive drug delivery across skin-like biological barriers such as the tympanic membrane (TM). While most existing CPEs interact strongly with the lipid bilayers in the stratum corneum to create defects as diffusion paths, their interactions with the delivery system, such as polymers forming a hydrogel, can compromise gelation, formulation stability, and drug diffusion. To overcome this challenge, differing interactions between CPEs and the hydrogel system are explored, especially those with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an ionic surfactant and a common CPE, and those with methyl laurate (ML), a nonionic counterpart with a similar length alkyl chain.

Gastric emptying of a glucose drink is predictive of the glycaemic response to oral glucose and mixed meals, but unrelated to antecedent glycaemic control, in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Gastric emptying (GE), with wide inter-individual but lesser intra-individual variations, is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is uncertain whether GE of a carbohydrate-containing liquid meal is predictive of the glycaemic response to physiological meals, and whether antecedent hyperglycaemia influences GE in T2D. We evaluated the relationships of (i) the glycaemic response to both a glucose drink and mixed meals with GE of a 75 g glucose drink, and (ii) GE of a glucose drink with antecedent glycaemic control, in T2D.

Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review With an Interactive Database.

Background: This scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of the evidence of point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) in emergency medicine. By emphasizing clinical topics, time trends, study designs, and the scope of the primary outcomes, a map is provided for physicians and researchers to guide their future initiatives.

Research Question: Which study designs and primary outcomes are reported in published studies of LUS in emergency medicine?

Study Design And Methods: We performed a systematic search in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for LUS studies published prior to May 13, 2023.

Association study of human leukocyte antigen variants and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial pneumonia marked by progressive lung fibrosis and a poor prognosis. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of infection in the pathogenesis of IPF, and a prior association of the gene with idiopathic fibrotic interstitial pneumonia (including IPF) has been reported. Owing to the important role that the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region plays in the immune response, here we evaluated if HLA genetic variation was associated specifically with IPF risk.

Pan-cancer proteogenomics characterization of tumor immunity.

Despite the successes of immunotherapy in cancer treatment over recent decades, less than <10%-20% cancer cases have demonstrated durable responses from immune checkpoint blockade. To enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies, combination therapies suppressing multiple immune evasion mechanisms are increasingly contemplated. To better understand immune cell surveillance and diverse immune evasion responses in tumor tissues, we comprehensively characterized the immune landscape of more than 1,000 tumors across ten different cancers using CPTAC pan-cancer proteogenomic data.

Discovery of tricyclic PARP7 inhibitors with high potency, selectivity, and oral bioavailability.

PARP7 has been recently identified as an effective drug target due to its specific role in tumor generation and immune function recovery. Herin, we report the discovery of compound 8, which contained a tricyclic fused ring, as a highly selective PARP7 inhibitor against other PARPs. In particular, compound 8 strongly inhibits PARP7 with an IC of 0.

Development and validation of a semi-supervised deep learning model for automatic retinopathy of prematurity staging.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is currently one of the leading causes of infant blindness worldwide. Recently significant progress has been made in deep learning-based computer-aided diagnostic methods. However, deep learning often requires a large amount of annotated data for model optimization, but this requires long hours of effort by experienced doctors in clinical scenarios.

Extracellular Vesicular Analysis of Glypican 1 mRNA and Protein for Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis.

Detecting pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in its early stages and predicting late-stage patient prognosis undergoing chemotherapy is challenging. This work shows that the activation of specific oncogenes leads to elevated expression of mRNAs and their corresponding proteins in extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in blood. Utilizing an immune lipoplex nanoparticle (ILN) biochip assay, these findings demonstrate that glypican 1 (GPC1) mRNA expression in the exosomes-rich (Exo) EV subpopulation and GPC1 membrane protein (mProtein) expression in the microvesicles-rich (MV) EV subpopulation, particularly the tumor associated microvesicles (tMV), served as a viable biomarker for PDAC.