The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank.

Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space. Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular and multi-omic research profiles from a diverse range of missions, including the NASA Twins Study, JAXA CFE study, SpaceX Inspiration4 crew, Axiom and Polaris.

WarpDrive: Improving spatial normalization using manual refinements.

Spatial normalization-the process of mapping subject brain images to an average template brain-has evolved over the last 20+ years into a reliable method that facilitates the comparison of brain imaging results across patients, centers & modalities. While overall successful, sometimes, this automatic process yields suboptimal results, especially when dealing with brains with extensive neurodegeneration and atrophy patterns, or when high accuracy in specific regions is needed. Here we introduce WarpDrive, a novel tool for manual refinements of image alignment after automated registration.

Estimating long-term outcomes in classic Hodgkin lymphoma: a United States population-based oncology simulation model based on overall survival from the ECHELON-1 trial.

The six-year ECHELON-1 update showed a survival advantage for frontline (1 L) A + AVD (brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) vs ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) for stage III/IV classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). As clinical trials have limited ability to track patients for extended periods, we developed an oncology simulation model using ECHELON-1 data to estimate population-based cHL outcomes in the US over 10 years (through 2031). The model included a scenario without (64.

Community-Based, Cluster-Randomized Pilot Trial of a Cardiovascular Mobile Health Intervention: Preliminary Findings of the FAITH! Trial.

Background: African Americans continue to have suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) based on the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 (LS7), 7 health-promoting behaviors and biological risk factors (eg, physical activity, blood pressure). Innovative, community-level interventions in partnership with trusted institutions such as African American churches are potential means to improve CVH in this population.

Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, the FAITH! Trial (Fostering African American Improvement in Total Health) rigorously assessed the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a refined, community-informed, mobile health intervention (FAITH! App) for promoting CVH among African Americans in faith communities using a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Mechanism of FIB-Induced Phase Transformation in Austenitic Steel.

The transformation of unstable austenite to ferrite or α′ martensite as a result of exposure to Xe+ or Ga+ ions at room temperature was studied in a 304 stainless steel casting alloy. Controlled Xe+ and Ga+ ion beam exposures of the 304 were carried out at a variety of beam/sample geometries. It was found that both Ga+ and Xe+ ion irradiation resulted in the transformation of the austenite to either ferrite or α′ martensite.

Outcome Prediction Models for Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: Systematic Review and External Validation.

Background And Purpose: Prediction models for outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke who will undergo endovascular treatment have been developed to improve patient management. The aim of the current study is to provide an overview of preintervention models for functional outcome after endovascular treatment and to validate these models with data from daily clinical practice.

Methods: We systematically searched within Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, to include prediction models.

Regional Heterogeneity in Gene Expression, Regulation, and Coherence in the Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus across Development and Schizophrenia.

The hippocampus formation, although prominently implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis, has been overlooked in large-scale genomics efforts in the schizophrenic brain. We performed RNA-seq in hippocampi and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFCs) from 551 individuals (286 with schizophrenia). We identified substantial regional differences in gene expression and found widespread developmental differences that were independent of cellular composition.

Epidemiology of Shock in Contemporary Cardiac Intensive Care Units.

Background Clinical investigations of shock in cardiac intensive care units (CICUs) have primarily focused on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS). Few studies have evaluated the full spectrum of shock in contemporary CICUs. Methods and Results The Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network is a multicenter network of advanced CICUs in North America.

A photoswitchable "host-guest" approach for the selective enrichment of dimethoate from olive oil.

This work describes the development of a new selective photocontrollable molecularly imprinted-based sorbent for the selective enrichment/pre-concentration of dimethoate from spiked olive oil samples. To achieve this goal an improved molecularly imprinted strategy relying on the embedding of a functional monomer containing an azobenzene chromophore as light-responsive element, on the crosslinked tridimensional molecular imprinted network, has been assessed. To address the mechanisms underlying template recognition and uptake/release of the analyte from the functional imprinted material, computational studies using a quantum chemical approach, have been explored.

A magnetic controllable tool for the selective enrichment of dimethoate from olive oil samples: A responsive molecular imprinting-based approach.

Aiming to develop a straightforward magnetic-based sample preparation methodology for the selective extraction of dimethoate from olive oil, the synthesis of dimethoate-imprinted polymer on the surface of modified magnetic nanoparticles has been attempted. Molecular recognition assays have proven their suitability for the selective pre-concentration of dimethoate. Mechanistic basis for template selective recognition has been explored using a quantum chemical approach, providing new insights about the mechanisms underlying template recognition.

Proposed clinical pathway for nonoperative management of high-grade pediatric pancreatic injuries based on a multicenter analysis: A pediatric trauma society collaborative.

Background: Guidelines for nonoperative management (NOM) of high-grade pancreatic injuries in children have not been established, and wide practice variability exists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate common clinical strategies across multiple pediatric trauma centers to develop a consensus-based standard clinical pathway.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective review was conducted of children with high-grade (American Association of Surgeons for Trauma grade III-V) pancreatic injuries treated with NOM between 2010 and 2015.

Survey of American College of Surgeons Committee on trauma members on firearm injury: Consensus and opportunities.

Background: In the United States, there is a perceived divide regarding the benefits and risks of firearm ownership. The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma Injury Prevention and Control Committee designed a survey to evaluate Committee on Trauma (COT) member attitudes about firearm ownership, freedom, responsibility, physician-patient freedom and policy, with the objective of using survey results to inform firearm injury prevention policy development.

Methods: A 32-question survey was sent to 254 current U.

Progression of Carotid Arterial Stiffness With Treatment of Hypertension Over 10 Years: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Associations with antihypertensive medication classes and progression of arterial stiffness have not been studied in a prospective multiethnic cohort. All participants had hypertension at baseline, defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medications. Medication use and blood pressure were assessed at 5 time points.

Novel hydroxyamides and amides containing D-glucopyranose or D-fructose units: Biological assays in MCF-7 and MDST8 cell lines.

A novel library of 15 compounds, hydroxyamides and amides containing a β-D-glucopyranose (D-Gluc) or a β-D-fructose (D-Fruc) units was designed and synthesized for antiproliferative assays in breast (MCF-7) and colon (MDST8) cancer cell lines. Twelve of them were hydroxyamides and were successfully synthesized from β-D-glucuronic acid (D-GluA). Six of these hydroxyamides which were acetylated hydroxy-β-D-glucopyranuronamide 2a-2f (1st Family) and the other six were their respective isomers, that is, hydroxy-β-D-fructuronamide 3a-3f (2nd Family), obtained by acid-base catalyzed isomerization.

A Trial of Calcium and Vitamin D for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas.

Background: Epidemiologic and preclinical data suggest that higher intake and serum levels of vitamin D and higher intake of calcium reduce the risk of colorectal neoplasia. To further study the chemopreventive potential of these nutrients, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of supplementation with vitamin D, calcium, or both for the prevention of colorectal adenomas.

Methods: We recruited patients with recently diagnosed adenomas and no known colorectal polyps remaining after complete colonoscopy.

Can Antihypertensive Treatment Restore the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease to Ideal Levels?: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background: It is unclear whether antihypertensive treatment can restore cardiovascular disease risk to the risk level of persons with ideal blood pressure (BP) levels.

Methods And Results: Data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were analyzed. Outcomes were compared among participants without or with antihypertensive treatment at 3 BP levels: <120/<80 mm Hg, systolic BP 120 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80 to 89 mm Hg (120 to 129/≤80 mm Hg for participants with diabetes), and systolic BP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg (systolic BP ≥130 or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg for participants with diabetes).

Design and development of molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective extraction of deltamethrin in olive oil: An integrated computational-assisted approach.

This work firstly addresses the design and development of molecularly imprinted systems selective for deltamethrin aiming to provide a suitable sorbent for solid phase (SPE) extraction that will be further used for the implementation of an analytical methodology for the trace analysis of the target pesticide in spiked olive oil samples. To achieve this goal, a preliminary evaluation of the molecular recognition and selectivity of the molecularly imprinted polymers has been performed. In order to investigate the complexity of the mechanistic basis for template selective recognition in these polymeric matrices, the use of a quantum chemical approach has been attempted providing new insights about the mechanisms underlying template recognition, and in particular the crucial role of the crosslinker agent and the solvent used.

Orai3 Surface Accumulation and Calcium Entry Evoked by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts, in part, by triggering calcium ion (Ca(2+)) entry. Here, we sought understanding of a Synta66-resistant Ca(2+) entry pathway activated by VEGF.

Approach And Results: Measurement of intracellular Ca(2+) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells detected a Synta66-resistant component of VEGF-activated Ca(2+) entry that occurred within 2 minutes after VEGF exposure.

Evaluating three methods to encourage mentally competent older adults to assess their driving behavior.

Background: Fourteen percent (43.1 million) of the population in the United States was 65 years and older in 2012. This population is projected to reach 20% (88.