Understanding the role of supported Rh atoms and clusters during hydroformylation and CO hydrogenation reactions with / XAS and DRIFT spectroscopy.

Supported Rh single-atoms and clusters on CeO, MgO, and ZrO were investigated as catalysts for hydroformylation of ethylene to propionaldehyde and CO hydrogenation to methanol/ethanol with / diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Under hydroformylation reaction conditions, spectroscopic investigations unravel the presence of both single atoms and clusters and detected at first propanal and then methanol. We find that the formation of methanol is associated with CO hydrogenation over Rh clusters which was further confirmed under CO hydrogenation conditions at elevated pressure.

Endothelial Dysfunction in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Translational Study.

Background: Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D) is associated with increased risk for coronary atherosclerotic disease, but the timing of the earliest pathological features and evidence of cardiac endothelial dysfunction have not been evaluated in this population. Endothelial function magnetic resonance imaging may detect early and direct endothelial dysfunction in the absence of classical risk factors (severe hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). Using endothelial function magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated peripheral and coronary artery structure and endothelial function in young adults with Y-T2D diagnosed ≤5 years compared with age-matched healthy peers.

Neurosurgical resection of multiple brain metastases: outcomes, complications, and survival rates in a retrospective analysis.

Purpose: This study investigates the outcomes of microsurgical resection of multiple brain metastasis (BMs).

Methods: This retrospective, monocentric analysis included clinical data from all consecutive BM patients, who underwent simultaneous resection of ≥ 2 BMs between January 2018 and May 2023. Postoperative neurological and functional outcomes, along with perioperative complications, as well as survival data were evaluated.

Heparin-stabilized gold nanoparticles embedded in graphene for the electrochemical determination of esculetin.

A conductive nanocomposite consisting of heparin-stabilized gold nanoparticles embedded in graphene was prepared and characterized to develop an electrochemical sensor for the determination of esculetin in tea and jam samples. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The different proportions of graphene in the nanocomposite were evaluated and characterized by electrochemical practices.

Tunable 2D Electron- and 2D Hole States Observed at Fe/SrTiO Interfaces.

Oxide electronics provide the key concepts and materials for enhancing silicon-based semiconductor technologies with novel functionalities. However, a basic but key property of semiconductor devices still needs to be unveiled in its oxidic counterparts: the ability to set or even switch between two types of carriers-either negatively (n) charged electrons or positively (p) charged holes. Here, direct evidence for individually emerging n- or p-type 2D band dispersions in STO-based heterostructures is provided using resonant photoelectron spectroscopy.