Identification of genetic determinants of bedaquiline resistance in in Ural region, Russia.

Unlabelled: Collecting data on rare () clinical isolates with resistance to the new anti-tuberculosis drug bedaquiline is an important task for improving antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Nanopore whole genome sequencing, the proportion method on Middlebrook 7H11 medium, and BACTEC MGIT 960 assays were used to analyze genotypic and phenotypic resistance to bedaquiline. We found four mutations: I66M, А63Р, А36Т, and S53P in five isolates with different levels of phenotypic bedaquiline resistance.

[Chronic pharyngitis. Modern approaches to diagnosis and treatment].

The relevance of the problem of chronic inflammatory diseases of the pharynx is due to the significant prevalence of this pathology. Among all forms of chronic pharyngitis, the most adverse effect on the quality of life is observed in chronic athrophic pharyngitis. According to the literature, in this category of patients there are no clear criteria for assessing the functional state and morphological picture of the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall.

[The role of tonsillectomy in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis].

Unlabelled: The problem of chronic tonsillitis remains one of the urgent problems of modern otorhinolaryngology. The article discusses the statistics and complications of chronic tonsillitis, provides indications for tonsillectomy and its main complications.

Objective: Generalization and systematization of data on the impact of surgical treatment on the quality of life of patients with chronic tonsillitis.

H-Translocating Membrane-Bound Pyrophosphatase from Fuels Cells via an Alternative Pathway for Energy Generation.

Inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) catalyze an essential reaction, namely, the hydrolysis of PP, which is formed in large quantities as a side product of numerous cellular reactions. In the majority of living species, PP hydrolysis is carried out by soluble cytoplasmic PPase (S-PPases) with the released energy dissipated in the form of heat. In part of this energy can be conserved by proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (H-PPase) in the form of a proton electrochemical gradient for further ATP synthesis.

Molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistant isolates from HIV- and HIV+ tuberculosis patients in Russia.

Background: High burden of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) is a significant threat to national TB control programs all over the world and in the Russian Federation. Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) genotypes are hypothesized to have specific characteristics affecting TB control programs. For example, Beijing strains are supposed to have higher mutation rates compared to strains of other genotypes and subsequently higher capability to develop drug-resistance.