fraction with a high level of flavonoid inhibits peripheral and central mechanisms of nociception.

Background And Aim: (Kunth.) Micheli is popularly used for acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. The anti-inflammatory activity was previously demonstrated for its flavonoid-enriched fractions.

Echinodorus macrophyllus: Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives reduces neutrophil migration through modulation of cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandin in the air-pouch model.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In Brazil, Echinodorus macrophyllus (Alismataceae), popularly known as chapéu-de-couro, is used to treat inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have shown a significant decrease in the acute inflammation for the aqueous extract of E. macrophyllus (AEEm) and its ethanolic fraction (Fr20).

Fatal enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease in toddlers.

In 1967, two toddlers immunized with a formalin-inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (FIRSV) in the United States died from enhanced RSV disease (ERD), a severe form of illness resulting from aberrant priming of the antiviral immune response during vaccination. Up to 80% of immunized children subsequently exposed to wild-type virus were hospitalized. These events hampered RSV vaccine development for decades.

Anti-arthritic properties of crude extract from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. leaves.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE) from Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves on the development of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and on pro-inflammatory cytokine balance.

Methods: Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in DBA1/J mice. On the 21st day, the mice were treated orally with HCE or methotrexate, daily.

Anti-inflammatory effect of diterpenes-enriched fractions from Pterodon polygalaeflorus through inhibition of macrophage migration and cytokine production.

Objectives: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of Pterodon polygalaeflorus hexane extract (HE) and its fractions on macrophage migration in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: Hexane extract from P. polygalaeflorus fruits was fractionated and yielded four fractions.