Genomic Surveillance of Foodborne Pathogens: Advances and Obstacles.

Context: The genomic surveillance of foodborne pathogens in the United States has grown exponentially in the past decade, grounded in a powerful combination of novel sequencing technologies, bioinformatic approaches, data-sharing networks, and metadata harmonization efforts. This practice report examines recent advances in genomic epidemiology as applied to food safety programs and delineates State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial infrastructure necessary for continued life-saving improvements in public health.

Program: National databases of foodborne pathogen genomes, along with data sharing and evaluation networks such as GenomeTrakr and PulseNet, have transformed how connections are made among isolates and how root causes of outbreaks are determined, allowing much more timely interventions to protect public health.

Understanding ACGME Standards for Simulation: A Document Analysis of Institutional and Program Requirements.

Our institution has established priorities for graduate medical education (GME) simulation which include increasing adoption of, garnering additional financial support for, and creating a core simulation curriculum. Better understanding of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) simulation requirements will inform our efforts and serve as a guide for other institutions. The purpose of this study was to perform a structured review of ACGME simulation standards using a document analysis to guide GME simulation activities at an institutional level.

HPV Vaccine Status, Gender, Sexual Identities and Risk Behaviors of Adults Residing in Puerto Rico: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Currently, in Puerto Rico (PR) there is no study for HPV vaccination rates after implementing mandatory HPV vaccination school entry policy in 2018. This study aims to (a) explore HPV vaccination status in adults (≥18 years) residing in PR., particularly those who fall within the age range approved for vaccination; (b) describe participants' gender and sexual identities and behavior risk factors; and (c) determine how the willingness to vaccinate against HPV is influenced by sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, education level, and health insurance.

Comparative analysis of White and African American groups reveals unique lipid and inflammatory features of diabetes.

Importance: African Americans have a higher prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) compared to White groups. T2D is a health disparity clinically characterized by dysregulation of lipids and chronic inflammation. However, how the relationships among biological and sociological predictors of T2D drive this disparity remains to be addressed.

The socioeconomic and environmental niche of protected areas reveals global conservation gaps and opportunities.

The global network of protected areas has rapidly expanded in the past decade and is expected to cover at least 30% of land and sea by 2030 to halt biodiversity erosion. Yet, the distribution of protected areas is highly heterogeneous on Earth and the social-environmental preconditions enabling or hindering protected area establishment remain poorly understood. Here, using fourteen socioeconomic and environmental factors, we characterize the multidimensional niche of terrestrial and marine protected areas, which we use to accurately establish, at the global scale, whether a particular location has preconditions favourable for paestablishment.