Limited impact of colistin resistance on mortality of intensive care patients with carbapenem-resistant bacteraemia.

Background: Increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteraemia (CR-GNB) has triggered increased use of polymyxins, likely fuelling the emergence and spread of colistin resistance.

Aim: To estimate the excess clinical burden of colistin resistance in intensive care patients with CR-GNB.

Methods: A cohort of patients with CR-GNB during their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Greece over a 4-year period (2020-2023) was constructed.

Global prevalence of cefiderocol non-susceptibility in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cefiderocol is a last resort option for carbapenem-resistant (CR) Gram-negative bacteria, especially metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CR Acinetobacter baumannii. Monitoring global levels of cefiderocol non-susceptibility (CFDC-NS) is important.

Objectives: To systematically collate and examine studies investigating in vitro CFDC-NS and estimate the global prevalence of CFDC-NS against major Gram-negative pathogens.

Effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics in reducing duration of acute infectious diarrhea in pediatric patients in developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Acute diarrhea is one of the most frequent causes of doctor visits and hospital admissions for children. Our objective was to evaluate the association between probiotics administration and reduction of acute infectious diarrhea duration in children dwelling in developed countries. Bibliographic databases, gray literature, and reference lists were searched up to September 29, 2019.

Defining the genetic profile of endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a pathological condition which has been extensively studied, since its pathophysiology stems from a broad spectrum of environmental influences and genetic factors. Familial studies aim at defining inheritance trends, while linkage analysis studies focus on the identification of genetic sites related to endometriosis susceptibility. Genetic association studies take into account candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms, and hence target at unraveling the association between disease severity and genetic variation.

The dose response principle from philosophy to modern toxicology: The impact of ancient philosophy and medicine in modern toxicology science.

Since ancient times the concept of dose response, from a toxicological perspective, has been a matter of concern. Already by the 8th century BC and over the years, many enlightened people have attempted to interpret this phenomenon, observing and coming across its results and practical implementation through exposure to chemical substances, either from natural or synthetic sources. Nowadays, the environmental exposure of human populations to chemicals in terms of quantity and quality might differ.