Micturitional disturbances are associated with impaired breathing control in multiple sclerosis.

Study Objectives: To investigate whether the localization of multiple sclerosis (MS), the duration of the disease, and the level of neurologic functioning in patients with MS predispose them to disturbed breathing control.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Outpatient pneumology department of a university hospital.

TNF-alpha promoter polymorphisms, production and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in different groups of patients.

TNF-alpha production in whole blood cultures upon stimulation with LPS was determined in 179 individuals from 61 families in order to characterise the magnitude of inherited differences in TNF-alpha production. The three families characterised by highest TNF production showed 7.1 +/- 0.