Clinical Anatomy of the Ligaments of the Face and Their Fundamental Distinguishing Features.

Our study aimed to clarify the anatomical features of the zygomatic, upper masseteric, lower masseteric and mandibular ligaments and their possible contribution to age-related gravitational ptosis. The study was carried out by the method of layered dissection of fresh cadavers. In several observations, the zygomatic ligament is represented by the fibers originating from the zygomaticus major muscle fibers.

[Significance of dynamic measurements of acoustic impedance for early detection of hypoesthesia in otosclerosis].

To clarify the role of dynamic registration of acoustic impedance in early detection of hypoacusis in otosclerosis, the authors analyzed impedometry readings in subjects with unilateral otosclerosis. Special emphasis is laid on cases with minor audiogram bone-air intervals. Based on comparison of contra- and ipsilateral reflexes, registration of the acoustic reflex may provide early signs of otosclerosis.