Substance Use Screening in a Large Pediatric Primary Care Network: A Quality Improvement Project.

Background: This project aimed to introduce substance use screening, using the CRAFFT (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble) screening tool, into the routine care of adolescents using quality improvement strategies and tools.

Methods: We expanded a single-site project showing the successful introduction of CRAFFT screening into adolescent care to include the entire 34-site primary care network of a children's hospital in Northeastern Ohio. We deployed quality improvement methodology to facilitate the acceptance and use of the screener.

Volatile vs Total intravenous Anaesthesia for major non-cardiac surgery: a pragmatic randomised triaL (VITAL).

Background: Improving outcomes after surgery is a major public health research priority for patients, clinicians and the NHS. The greatest burden of perioperative complications, mortality and healthcare costs lies amongst the population of patients aged over 50 years who undergo major non-cardiac surgery. The Volatile vs Total Intravenous Anaesthesia for major non-cardiac surgery (VITAL) trial specifically examines the effect of anaesthetic technique on key patient outcomes: quality of recovery after surgery (quality of recovery after anaesthesia, patient satisfaction and major post-operative complications), survival and patient safety.

Efficient Simulation of 3D Reaction-Diffusion in Models of Neurons and Networks.

Neuronal activity is the result of both the electrophysiology and chemophysiology. A neuron can be well-represented for the purposes of electrophysiological simulation as a tree composed of connected cylinders. This representation is also apt for 1D simulations of their chemophysiology, provided the spatial scale is larger than the diameter of the cylinders and there is radial symmetry.

High-grade intramuscular tendon disruption in acute hamstring injury and return to play in Australian Football players.

Background: Recent literature has reported intramuscular tendon (IT) disruption is associated with longer return to play (RTP) following acute hamstring injury.

Objectives: Investigate whether an increase in hamstring injury severity involving high-grade IT disruption and proximal injury location is associated with longer RTP times in elite Australian Rules Football (AFL) players.

Methods: Hamstring injury records and RTP times from one professional AFL club were obtained over six seasons.

Social influences on sorority and fraternity member smoking.

Objective: To understand how the Greek system uniquely influences smoking attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among college students who belong to a social sorority or fraternity.

Participants: Active members of sororities (n = 16) and fraternities (n = 17) were interviewed between February 2013 and October 2015.

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted examining the social influences of the Greek system on member smoking.