The critical power model for intermittent exercise.

This paper develops and illustrates the critical power model for intermittent work. Model theoretic development reveals that total endurance time is always a step function of one or more of the four independent variables: work interval power output ( P(w)), rest interval power output ( P(r)), work interval duration ( t(w)), and rest interval duration ( t(r)). Six endurance-trained male athletes recorded their best performances during the season in 3-, 5-, and 10-km races, and performed three different intermittent running tests to exhaustion in random order, recording their total endurance times.

Interval training for performance: a scientific and empirical practice. Special recommendations for middle- and long-distance running. Part II: anaerobic interval training.

Studies of anaerobic interval training can be divided into 2 categories. The first category (the older studies) examined interval training at a fixed work-rate. They measured the time limit or the number of repetitions the individual was able to sustain for different pause durations.

Interval training for performance: a scientific and empirical practice. Special recommendations for middle- and long-distance running. Part I: aerobic interval training.

This article traces the history of scientific and empirical interval training. Scientific research has shed some light on the choice of intensity, work duration and rest periods in so-called 'interval training'. Interval training involves repeated short to long bouts of rather high intensity exercise (equal or superior to maximal lactate steady-state velocity) interspersed with recovery periods (light exercise or rest).

Time in human endurance models. From empirical models to physiological models.

This article traces the study of interrelationships between power output, work done, velocity maintained or distance covered and the endurance time taken to achieve that objective. During the first half of the twentieth century, scientists examined world running records for distances from < 100 m to > 1000 km. Such examinations were empirical in nature, involving mainly graphical and crude curve-fitting techniques.

Use of blood lactate measurements for prediction of exercise performance and for control of training. Recommendations for long-distance running.

Time over a distance, i.e. speed, is the reference for performance for all events whose rules are based on locomotion in different mechanical constraints.