Impact of ABCB1 genotype in Collies on the pharmacokinetics of R- and S-fexofenadine.

Thirty-two Collies were used to determine the impact of ABCB1 genotype and phenotype on the plasma pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine's (Fex) R- and S-enantiomers after bolus Fex administration, as human P-gp exhibits stereoselectivity. Each Collie's ABCB1 genotype and ivermectin (IVM) sensitivity (phenotype) was determined prior to study enrolment. Wild-type (WT) Collies had lower plasma concentrations of the individual enantiomers as compared to heterozygous IVM nonsensitive (HNS), heterozygous IVM-sensitive (HS) and homozygous mutant (MUT) Collies.

Influence of ABCB1 Genotype in Collies on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Loperamide in a Dose-Escalation Study.

Thirty-three Collies (14 male and 19 female) were used in a dose-escalation study to determine the impact of ABCB1 genotype on loperamide pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Loperamide was orally administered in four ascending doses (0.01, 0.

A preliminary examination of differential decomposition patterns in mass graves.

Five pairs of mass graves, each containing carcasses of 21 rabbits, were used to examine differential decomposition at four locations within the burial: surface, deep, mid-outer, and core. Every 100 accumulated degree days (ADD), a pair of graves was exhumed, and total body score (TBS) and internal carcass temperature of each rabbit were recorded. Decomposition did not differ for core- and deep-positioned carcasses (p = 0.

The pharmacogenomics of P-glycoprotein and its role in veterinary medicine.

Despite advancements in pharmacogenetics in human medicine, the incorporation of pharmacogenetics into veterinary medicine is still in its early stages of development. To date, efforts to understand the pharmacologic impact of genetic variation in veterinary species have largely focused on genes encoding for the membrane transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The emphasis on the role of P-gp is largely because of safety concerns associated with the use of some macrocyclic lactones in dogs.

In utero gene therapy: transfer and long-term expression of the bacterial neo(r) gene in sheep after direct injection of retroviral vectors into preimmune fetuses.

We investigated whether directly injecting retroviral vectors into preimmune fetuses could result in the transfer and long-term expression of exogenous genes. Twenty-nine preimmune sheep fetuses were injected with helper-free retroviral vector preparations. Twenty-two fetuses survived to term, 4 of which were sacrificed at birth.