Nitrosamine and nicotine exposure after switching from filtered to unfiltered cigarette smoking: a cross-over clinical trial.

Background: The cellulose acetate filter is a plastic attachment on nearly all commercial cigarettes sold worldwide. It is the main component of discarded cigarette butts, and the most prevalent waste item collected during urban and beach cleanups. This waste leaches toxic chemicals, including nicotine, metals and tobacco-specific nitrosamines and contributes to environmental microplastic pollution.

A randomised controlled feasibility trial of an early years language development intervention: results of the 'outcomes of Talking Together evaluation and results' (oTTer) project.

Background: Early language difficulties are associated with poor school readiness and can impact lifelong attainment. The quality of the early home language environment is linked to language outcomes. However, few home-based language interventions have sufficient evidence of effectiveness in improving preschool children's language abilities.

The Association between Fat-Free Mass and Exercise Test Outcomes in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.

People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) tend to have abnormally low levels of fat-free mass (FFM), which includes skeletal muscle mass as a central component. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesise available evidence on the association between FFM and exercise test outcomes in COPD. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched.

CyTOF: An Emerging Technology for Single-Cell Proteomics in the Mouse.

The ability to analyze the proteome of single cells is critical for the advancement of studies of steady-state and pathological processes. Mass cytometry, or CyTOF, combines principles of mass spectrometry and flow cytometry to enable single-cell analysis of protein expression. CyTOF can simultaneously assess DNA content and proteins and has the capacity to measure 40 to 100 parameters in each cell.

Relieving exertional dyspnea during the 3-min constant speed shuttle test in patients with COPD with indacaterol/glycopyrronium tiotropium: the RED trial.

Background: Exertional dyspnea is a cardinal feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a major cause of activity limitation. Although dual bronchodilation is more effective than bronchodilator monotherapy at improving resting pulmonary function, it is unclear to which extent this translates into superior relief of exertional dyspnea.

Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial comparing indacaterol 110 µg/glycopyrronium 50 µg once daily (OD) with tiotropium 50 µg OD in patients with moderate to severe COPD and resting hyperinflation (functional residual capacity >120% of predicted value).