Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Background Prevalence Around the World.

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), subgrouped as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction with asthma (EIBa) or without asthma, is defined as acute airway narrowing that occurs during or after exercise. EIB has been described mostly in patients with asthma and athletes. Prevalence differs according to the subjects studied, challenge methods, and EIB definition.

Reference equations for DLNO and DLCO in Mexican Hispanics: influence of altitude and race.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) and pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in Mexican Hispanics born and raised at 2240 m altitude (midlanders) compared with those born and raised at sea level (lowlanders). It also aimed to assess the effectiveness of race-specific reference equations for pulmonary diffusing capacity (white people vs Mexican Hispanics) in minimising root mean square errors (RMSE) compared with race-neutral equations.

Methods: DLNO, DLCO, alveolar volume (VA) and gas transfer coefficients (KNO and KCO) were measured in 392 Mexican Hispanics (5 to 78 years) and compared with 1056 white subjects (5 to 95 years).

[Executive functions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: exploring the prefrontal model].

Introduction: According to the prefrontal model, individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) manifest behaviours mimicking dysexecutive syndrome as a result of blood gas abnormalities and sleep fragmentation.

Objective: To compare executive functions in OSA patients with normative values and explore their relationship with blood gas abnormalities and sleep fragmentation.

Patients And Methods: Patients were recruited from the wider community and from a tertiary care hospital.

Reference equations using segmented regressions for impulse oscillometry in healthy subjects aged 2.7-90 years.

Background: Published reference equations for impulse oscillometry (IOS) usually encompass a specific age group but not the entire lifespan. This may lead to discordant predicted values when two or more non-coincident equations can be applied to the same person, or when a person moves from one equation to the next non-convergent equation as he or she gets older. Thus, our aim was to provide a single reference equation for each IOS variable that could be applied from infancy to old age.

Lung function is related to salivary cytokines and hormones in healthy children. An exploratory cross-sectional study.

Pulmonary mechanics has been traditionally viewed as determined by lung size and physical factors such as frictional forces and tissue viscoelastic properties, but few information exists regarding potential influences of cytokines and hormones on lung function. Concentrations of 28 cytokines and hormones were measured in saliva from clinically healthy scholar children, purposely selected to include a wide range of body mass index (BMI). Lung function was assessed by impulse oscillometry, spirometry, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and expressed as z-score or percent predicted.