Resolved ALMA observations of water in the inner astronomical units of the HL Tau disk.

The water molecule is a key ingredient in the formation of planetary systems, with the water snowline being a favourable location for the growth of massive planetary cores. Here we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data of the ringed protoplanetary disk orbiting the young star HL Tauri that show centrally peaked, bright emission arising from three distinct transitions of the main water isotopologue ( ). The spatially and spectrally resolved water content probes gas in a thermal range down to the water sublimation temperature.

Is olive crop modelling ready to assess the impacts of global change?

Olive trees, alongside grapevines, dominate the Mediterranean tree crop landscape. However, as climate change intensifies, the Mediterranean region, which encompasses 95% of the global olive cultivation area, faces significant challenges. Rising carbon dioxide (CO) levels, increasing temperatures, and declining precipitation pose substantial threats to olive tree performance.

Effects of conservation tillage, controlled traffic and regulated deficit irrigation on soil CO emissions in a maize-based system in Mediterranean conditions.

Conservation tillage is promoted as a potential agriculture practice to reduce carbon dioxide (CO) emissions but little is known on its impact in irrigated Mediterranean conditions, and particularly, when combined with controlled traffic, adopted to avoid soil compaction effects on the crops, and with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), adopted to conserve water. CO effluxes were measured during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 irrigated maize-cropping and fallow periods on a long-term tillage experiment established in Cordoba (Spain) in which two tillage systems, conventional with residues incorporated (CTR) and zero tillage with surface residues (ZTR), are compared, both combined with controlled traffic. Additionally, two irrigation treatments were introduced: full irrigation (FI) and RDI.

Toward the RNA-World in the Interstellar Medium-Detection of Urea and Search of 2-Amino-oxazole and Simple Sugars.

In the past decade, astrochemistry has witnessed an impressive increase in the number of detections of complex organic molecules. Some of these species are of prebiotic interest such as glycolaldehyde, the simplest sugar, or aminoacetonitrile, a possible precursor of glycine. Recently, we have reported the detection of two new nitrogen-bearing complex organics, glycolonitrile and Z-cyanomethanimine, known to be intermediate species in the formation process of ribonucleotides within theories of a primordial RNA-world for the origin of life.

Genotypic variability in radial resistance to water flow in olive roots and its response to temperature variations.

As radial root resistance (Rp) represents one of the key components of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum resistance catena modulating water transport, understanding its control is essential for physiologists, modelers and breeders. Reports of Rp, however, are still scarce and scattered in the scientific literature. In this study, we assessed genetic variability in Rp and its dependence on temperature in five widely used olive cultivars.