Penetrating pulmonary vein laceration following blunt chest trauma.

Flail chest is a common injury in blunt trauma which is usually treated with analgesia, oxygen, and other conservative measures. In more severe cases mechanical ventilation and surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) may be warranted. Penetrating injury to the heart or great vessels due to rib fractures however, is much less common.

The impact of gender on early scientific publication and long-term career advancement in Israeli medical school graduates.

Background: Many medical schools and residency programs incorporate research projects into their curriculum, however most remain unpublished. Little is known on the long-term effect of early-career publication, especially in female graduates.

Methods: We collected data on physicians 15-20 years after graduation (representing a mid-career point), and analysed data on early publication, publication volume and impact according to graduates' gender and professional characteristics.