Semen sEV tRF-Based Models Increase Non-Invasive Prediction Accuracy of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer among Patients with Moderately Altered PSA Levels.

PSA screening has led to an over-diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and unnecessary biopsies of benign conditions due to its low cancer specificity. Consequently, more accurate, preferentially non-invasive, tests are needed. We aim to evaluate the potential of semen sEV (small extracellular vesicles) tsRNAs (tRNA-derived small RNAs) as PCa indicators.

Sex-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study in the Spanish Population Identifies a Novel Locus for Lacunar Stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) represents a significant health burden globally, necessitating a better understanding of its genetic underpinnings to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Despite advances in IS genetics, studies focusing on the Spanish population and sex-stratified analyses are lacking.

Methods: A case-control genome-wide association study was conducted with 9081 individuals (3493 IS cases and 5588 healthy controls).

Genome-wide DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Key Genes Involved in the Dysregulation of Adipose Stem Cells in Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Crohn's disease [CD] is characterised by the expansion of mesenteric adipose tissue [MAT], named creeping fat [CF], which seems to be directly related to disease activity. Adipose-stem cells [ASCs] isolated from the CF of patients with CD are extremely pro-inflammatory, which persists during disease remission. We hypothesised that the dysfunctional ASCs in CD accumulate epigenetic modifications triggered by the inflammatory environment, that could serve as molecular markers.

Interleukin-16 is increased in obesity and alters adipogenesis and inflammation .

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic condition associated with low-grade inflammation mainly due to immune cell infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT). WAT is distributed into two main depots: subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) and visceral WAT (vWAT), each with different biochemical features and metabolic roles. Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-16 are secreted by both adipocytes and infiltrated immune cells to upregulate inflammation.

Altered Plasma microRNA Signature in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Requiring Oxygen Support.

To discover potential micro(mi)RNA biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression, large-scale deep-sequencing analysis of small RNA expression was performed on plasma samples from 40 patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection (median 13.50 [IQR 9-24] days since symptoms initiation) and 21 healthy noninfected individuals. A total of 1218 different miRNAs were identified.