Postmenopausal dyspareunia.

Dyspareunia in the postmenopausal woman is often multifactorial and requires a thorough history, a targeted physical examination, and coordination of multiple disciplines, including medical professionals, pelvic floor physical therapists, and sex therapists. Although we have come a long way since early assessments of painful sex, evaluation and treatment of dyspareunia remain an unmet need. This is particularly true in postmenopausal women in whom it is commonly assumed that pain with penetrative sex is solely a consequence of atrophy.

Mobilization of isotopically heavy sulfur during serpentinite subduction.

Primitive arc magmas are more oxidized and enriched in sulfur-34 (S) compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts. These findings have been linked to the addition of slab-derived volatiles, particularly sulfate, to arc magmas. However, the oxidation state of sulfur in slab fluids and the mechanisms of sulfur transfer in the slab remain inconclusive.

Diagnosis, causes, and treatment of dyspareunia in postmenopausal women.

Importance And Objectives: Evaluation and treatment of dyspareunia remains a significant unmet need despite the availability of safe and effective treatments. The objectives of this review are to consider evaluation techniques, the medical causes, and treatment options for dyspareunia in postmenopausal women.

Methods: This narrative review used PubMed to search for English-language articles related to postmenopausal dyspareunia.