Fenfluramine challenge in anxious children.

The study objective was to determine if serotonergic challenge with oral racemic fenfluramine would differentiate between childhood anxiety disorders in comparison to normal controls. Subjects were 24 children with anxiety diagnoses (DSM-IIIR) by structured interview, and 14 normal controls (ages 7 - 14 years) matched for age and sex. All subjects were given a standard challenge dose of d,1-fenfluramine (1 mg/kg) followed by serial assessments of cardiovascular, neurohormonal, and mood parameters over a five hour period.

Are there really no evolutionarily stable strategies in the iterated prisoner's dilemma?

The evolutionary form of the iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) is a repeated game where players strategically choose whether to cooperate with or exploit opponents and reproduce in proportion to game success. It has been widely used to study the evolution of cooperation among selfish agents. In the past 15 years, researchers proved over a series of papers that there is no evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) in the IPD when players maintain long-term relationships.

Yohimbine challenge in children with anxiety disorders.

Objective: The authors evaluated the neurohormonal and subjective mood response of children with anxiety disorders who were challenged with yohimbine.

Method: Seventeen children with DSM-IV diagnoses of anxiety disorders and 15 normal comparison children were given yohimbine orally (0.1 mg/kg).

Tourette's syndrome improvement with pergolide in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

Objective: To determine whether pergolide, a mixed D1-D2-D3 dopamine agonist, is efficacious and safe in the treatment of children with Tourette's syndrome.

Background: Neuroleptics, which block dopamine transmission, are currently used for treatment of children with severe tics, but major side effects and limited efficacy reduce clinical utility. Prior open-label reports of pergolide suggest potential benefit.

Clonidine challenge in childhood anxiety disorder.

Objective: To evaluate the neurohormonal and subjective mood response of children with anxiety disorder to clonidine challenge

Method: Children with DSM-IV diagnoses of anxiety disorder (ANX) (n = 24) and normal controls (n = 15) were given a challenge of intravenous clonidine (1.3 micrograms/kg) and provided neurohormonal and mood self-report assessment over a 180-minute period.

Results: The ANX group differed from normal controls in Hamilton Anxiety Rating, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale score, and maximum change from baseline (delta max) in growth hormone (GH).