Background: The cranio-cervical flexion test (CCFT) is used in clinical practice to measure the activation of deep cervical flexor muscles. However, the reliability of the test has not been conducted on an adequate sample size, specifically in individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain (CNP).
Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the CCFT in individuals with non-specific CNP.
Exp Physiol
January 2025
Exercise therapy is the most common approach for people with chronic neck pain (CNP). Although well-established, it remains unknown which type of exercise is the best for treating this condition. Moreover, pain processing can play a role in the persistence of pain and in the response to interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Emerging evidence suggests that individuals with chronic non-specific neck pain may experience altered sensory processing, potentially contributing to the modest response to therapeutic exercise treatments.
Objective: This systematic review aims to explore the effect of therapeutic exercise on pain processing among patients with chronic non-specific neck pain.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, SportDiscus, and Cochrane CENTRAL) from inception to June 2023.
Background: Heart rate (HR) has shown prognostic value in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and sinus rhythm. However, the method of measurement is debated in the literature.
Objectives: To compare HR on Holter with 3 resting electrocardiograms (ECG1, ECG2, and ECG3) in patients with HFrEF and sinus rhythm.