Methods for detecting, building, and improving tryptophan mannosylation in glycoprotein structures.

Tryptophan mannosylation, the covalent addition of an α-ᴅ-mannose sugar to a tryptophan side chain, is a post-translational modification (PTM) that can affect protein stability, folding, and interactions. Compared to other forms of protein glycosylation, it is relatively uncommon but is affected by conformational anomalies and modeling errors similar to those seen in N- and O-glycans in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). In this work, we report methods for detecting, building, and improving mannose structures linked to tryptophans.

Definition of sinonasal and otological exacerbation in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: an expert consensus.

Background: Recurrent infections of the nose, sinuses and ears are common problems for people with primary ciliary dyskinesia. While pulmonary exacerbations in primary ciliary dyskinesia are defined, there is no definition for ear-nose-throat exacerbations, a potential outcome for research and clinical trials.

Methods: We set up an expert panel of 24 ear-nose-throat specialists, respiratory physicians, other healthcare professionals and patients to develop consensus definitions of sinonasal and otological exacerbations in children and adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia for research settings.

Post-translational modifications in the Protein Data Bank.

Proteins frequently undergo covalent modification at the post-translational level, which involves the covalent attachment of chemical groups onto amino acids. This can entail the singular or multiple addition of small groups, such as phosphorylation; long-chain modifications, such as glycosylation; small proteins, such as ubiquitination; as well as the interconversion of chemical groups, such as the formation of pyroglutamic acid. These post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for the normal functioning of cells, as they can alter the physicochemical properties of amino acids and therefore influence enzymatic activity, protein localization, protein-protein interactions and protein stability.

Reproductive Capabilities of Female Nilgai () in Southern Texas.

Free-ranging nilgai antelope () are an understudied species, both on their native ranges of India, Pakistan, and Nepal and on their introduced ranges in southern Texas. Basic data related to population sizes, survival, reproduction, and recruitment are needed throughout their range to inform management and conservation decisions. We collected nilgai fetuses from 3 ranches in southern Texas, including East Foundation's El Sauz and Santa Rosa ranches, and the Norias Division of the King Ranch from 2018-2021.

Importance of the (Pro)renin Receptor in Activating the Renin-Angiotensin System During Normotensive and Preeclamptic Pregnancies.

Purpose Of Review: For a healthy pregnancy to occur, a controlled interplay between the maternal circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), placental renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (iRAS) is necessary. Functionally, both the RAAS and iRAS interact to maintain blood pressure and cardiac output, as well as fluid and electrolyte balance. The placental RAS is important for placental development while also influencing the maternal circulating RAAS and iRAS.