Malformations of cortical development in neurofibromatosis type 1.

The authors report three patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and different types of malformations of cortical development: Patient 1 had a possible transmantle cortical dysplasia involving the right temporoinsuloparieto-occipital areas; Patient 2 had a periventricular band of heterotopic gray matter with an overlying pachygyric cerebral cortex; and Patient 3 had a left perisylvian polymicrogyria. Because all of these lesions result from different pathogenetic mechanisms, neurofibromin may play a role during several stages of cortical development.

Cyclosporine: update on pharmacology, analytical techniques and therapeutic monitoring.

The Authors relate about the current state of knowledge on Cyclosporin A metabolism, mechanism of action, toxic potential, necessity of therapeutic monitoring. The methods for measurement of Cyclosporin A and its metabolites and the study of their immunosuppressive activity are described. Their use for measurement of Cyclosporin G is discussed.