Treatment of pharmaceutical industry wastewater for water reuse in Jordan using hybrid constructed wetlands.

Developing cost-efficient wastewater treatment technologies for safe reuse is essential, especially in developing countries simultaneously facing water scarcity. This study developed and evaluated a hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) approach, incorporating tidal flow (TF) operation and utilising local Jordanian zeolite as a wetland substrate for real pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment. Over 273 days of continuous monitoring, the results revealed that the first-stage TFCWs filled with either raw or modified zeolite performed significantly higher reductions in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD, 58 %-60 %), Total Nitrogen (TN, 32 %-37 %), and Phosphate (PO, 46 %-64 %) compared to TFCWs filled with normal sand.

Religion is Secularised Tradition: Jewish and Muslim Circumcisions in Germany.

This article demonstrates that the legal reasoning dominant in modern states secularises traditions by converting them into 'religions'. Using a case study on Germany's recent regulation of male circumcision, we illustrate that religions have (at least) three dimensions: religiosity (private belief, individual right and autonomous choice); religious law (a divinely ordained legal code); and religious groups (public threat). When states restrict traditions within these three dimensions, they construct 'religions' within a secularisation triangle.

Erratum: Religion is Secularised Tradition: Jewish and Muslim Circumcisions in Germany.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqaa028.].

Accurate preoperative echocardiography has more impact on prediction of long-term mortality than intra-operatively measured flow in coronary bypass grafts.

Objective: Our study aimed to analyze the predictive value of intra-operative bypass graft flow measurements for long-term mortality.

Methods: A total of 1593 consecutive coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients routinely underwent intra-operative bypass graft flow measurements with the transit-time flow meter (TTFM: Cardiomed(®)). The results of the flow measurements and the demographics were analyzed retrospectively.